非接触式IC卡的研究和设计

【作者】 季颖；

【导师】 范恒；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院上海冶金研究所 ， 微电子学与固体电子学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 非接触式IC卡是随着半导体技术发展和杜会对信息的安全性要求的日益提高而产生的。它成功地将IC卡技术和射频识别技术结合起来，解决了卡内能量来源和信号的无线传输两大难题，相对于目前广泛应用的接触式IC卡，非接触式IC卡具有应用可靠性高、操作速度快、保密性能高等优点，目前已开始在各种系统中使用，并具有广阔应用前景。因此、研究、开发、应用非接触式IC卡有重大的实际意义。 由于非接触式IC卡集集成电路技术、RF通信技术与信息安全技术于一体，要设计开发高性能、低功耗的非接触式IC卡芯片有一定的难度，许多的研究、设计工作还在继续开展。 本论文在对非接触式IC卡系统的相关理论和技术深入研究的基础上，参与完成了高性能、低功耗的IC卡的设计工作。针对能量来源与数据解调等关键问题，给出了新的观点和电路实现。论文的主要工作及内容：（一）按照ISO／IEC14443标准，完成了非接触式IC卡的RF接口电路（TypeA与TypeB）的设计。并且根据TypeB信号类型（10%ASK调制）的特点，设计了一种全新的电源产生电路及数据解调电路。（二）设计了8KEEPROM存储电路。针对EEPROM擦与写操作时对高压的需求，设计了一种速度较快、驱动能力较强的电荷泵电路及对高压的控制和稳定电路，并按照EEPROM的操作模式，设计了相应的控制电路、定时器电路及I/O接口电路。（三）针对数据传输及存储过程中的机密性、完整性、可获取性、真实性和持久性的要求，探讨了安全方案。针对以上方案，给出了循环冗余校验算法和RSA加密算法：并用硬件实现了循环冗余校验协处理器和加解密协处理器。（四）分析了非接触式IC卡系统的通信协议，并按照该协议，分析其指令工作过程及对数据的处理过程。 论文按照O8umCMOS工艺参数，对设计的电路进行了模拟验证，并完成了RF接口电路的版图设计工作。参与设计的TypeA IC卡已经投入公共交通系统的试运行，而TypeB电路也已流片。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Contactless IC card was brought forth by both sermiconductor technology andever-increasing social requirements for information security。It is a product of theradio frequency identification technology and the IC card technology, and it solves theproblems of non-energy and non-contact。Because, compared with the contact ICcard which is used usually now, the contactless card has many merits: highreliability、operation speed and confidentiality, then it begins to be used in manyareas, and it Will be used widely later。So, to study。design and apply thecontactless IC card has great practical value。Because the IC card technology includes VLSI circuit technology、RFtechnology、MCU tecbnology and information security technology, it is difficult todesign and develop a high-performance、low-power contactless IC card。Studentsare doing many researches about the card。Based on the deep study of the relative theories and technologies, this thesis hasfinished the design of a high-performance and low-power card。Meanwhile, somenew ideas and designs have been put forward to solve the voltage supply and datademodulation。The main contents of this thesis are as follows. Firstly, RF interfaceCircuits (one for TyPeA type, one for TypeB type) have been finished, according tothe ISO 14443 Standard。In accordance with the characteristics of TypeB l0% ASKsignal, novel circuits for voltage supply and data demodulation have been given。Secondly, The 8K EEPROM system has been studied and designed。In accordancewith the requirement of a very high voltage, a new kind of charge pump circuit andthe relative circuits for controlling and regulating the high voltage are given。timer、Controller and I/O interface circuits for the EEPROM system also have beendesigned。Thirdly, To satisfy the demand of data security、confidentiality etc, asolution is given。In accordance with the given solution, CRC verificationalgorithm and RSA encryption algorithm are designed and their relative coprocessorcircuits are giveno Fourthly, A set of the communication protocol of the card systemls analyzed. FolIowlng the protocol, the operatlon process of the whole card andthe data has been analyzed.The clrcults deslgned ln the thesIS are s1mulated and venfied by EDA tools us1ng0 8um CMOS technology, and the layout of the RF mterface c1rcults 1s des1gned.As a result, the TyPeA IC card ls aPplled ln the publ1c traffic system: and theTyPeB IC card chip ls on the process l1ne nowo更多还原