【作者】 罗艳红；

【导师】 李秀错；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 材料学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料是目前新兴的一类复合材料，在粘土加入很少量时，就表现出优异的力学性能、耐热性、及阻隔性等，因此这类材料在薄膜、食品包装及电子、电器和汽车、飞机的零部件方面具有广阔的应用前景。 本文首次对聚氯乙烯（PVC）/粘土纳米复合材料的制备进行了研究，采用几种不同的方法制备了PVC/粘土复合材料，系统地研究了复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和耐热性能；并对几种方法制得的复合材料的性能进行了比较，优选出了制备PVC/粘土纳米复合材料方便可行的方法。 本文采用了一种较简便实用的分析方法——测定粘土膨润值的方法来区别粘土的类型（钠基或钙基），避免了较复杂的元素分析法。用带有长链结构的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基粘土（ZJI、DBI）进行了有机化处理，并采用FTIR、TGA和XRD等手段对有机粘土进行了表征。 采用熔融共混法制备了PVC/粘土复合材料，用XRD、TEM对复合材料的形态结构进行了表征，结果表明：PVC/有机粘土复合材料中，粘土已达到纳米级分散；PVC/无机粘土复合材料为常规粒子填充复合材料，但粒径较复合之前大大减小。PVC/有机粘土复合材料的力学性能、维卡软化点、动态力学性能均较纯PVC有显著提高。PVC/粘土复合材料的熔融塑化时间变短。复合材料中增塑剂的迁移性下降。 本文首次采用乳液共混法制备了PVC/无机粘土复合材料，TEM照片证明了粘土颗粒以纳米尺寸与聚氯乙烯复合。复合材料的抗冲击强度随粘土含量的增加而增加。维卡软化点和DMA的测试结果表明复合材料的耐热性有所提高。增塑剂在复合材料中的迁移性下降。 首次研究了在粘土存在下用悬浮聚合法来制备聚氯乙烯/无机粘土复合材料。TEM照片表明粘土分散体系的尺寸已远远小于其起始尺寸（40μm），复合材料的热分解温度和维卡软化点均有一定提高。 采用溶液插层法制备了PVC/有机粘土纳米复合材料，XRD、TEM结果表明粘土片层已发生剥离。复合材料在拉伸强度无明显下降的同时，其缺口冲击 河北工业大学硕士研究生学位论文强度、拉伸断裂伸长率、动态模量（玻璃态下）均有所提高。 比较了几种方法制得的复合材料的形态结构、力学、耐热等性能，发现熔融插层法和溶液插层法两种方法制得的复合材料的形态结构和性能基本相同，但熔融插层法具有更广泛的适用性；在粘土含量相同时，PVC／有机粘土复合材料的性能优于PVC／无机粘土复合材料。在PVCI无机粘土复合材料中，用乳液共混法制备的复合材料中粘土分散最均匀，力学、耐热性能提高最多，且具有工业实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer/clay nanocomposites is a new class of material. They can attain excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and barrier properties at lower clay content. Their potential applications include film, food packing, components in electrical parts, automobile and airplane.In this thesis, by melt, emulsion and solution mixing, PVC/clay nanocomposites were first prepared and studied. The morphology, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the hybrids were systemically considered and compared. A relatively convenient method of preparation was found.In order to avoid more complicated element analysis and the measure of cation exchange content, a simple method of measuring swelling value of clays was employed to distinguish Nat-clay and Ca2~-clay. Na~-clay was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The organic clay obtained was then characterized by FTIR,TGA and XRD.The morphology of PVC/clay composites prepared by means of melt mixing was characterized by XRD, TEM. The results indicated that the nanometer organic clay was uniformly dispersed in the PVC matrix. Although PVC/inorganic clay composite was conventional microcomposite, the size of clay was greatly decreased. It shows that the mechanical properties, Vicat softening point (VSP) and dynamic mechanical properties of PVC/organic clay composites were improved. The migration of plastisizer in the composite was decreased.PVC/inorganic clay hybrids were prepared by means of emulsion mixing. The TEM analysis exhibited that clay was dispersed in nanometer in PVC matrix. Theimpact strength of composites increased with the clay content. The thermal stability of composite was enhanced, and the migration of plastisizer was decreased.The PVC/inorganic clay composite, prepared by a new method of suspension polymerization of Vinyl chloride in the presence of clay, was first tentatively studied.IIIThe result of TEM analysis indicated that the size of clay in PVC matrix was decreased. The thermal decomposed temperature and VSP increased with the clay content.PVC/organic clay nanocomposite was prepared by means of solution intercalation. The clay in the composite was exfoliated. The impact strength, elongation at break and storage modulus promoted while the strain intensity had no obvious decrease.By comparing the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites through different methods, it was found that the morphology and properties of the composites by means of melt mixing were similar to those by solution mixing. But the method of melt mixing has wider application. At the same clay content, the properties of PVC/organic clay composite were superior to those of PVC/inorganic one. The clay was dispersed homogeneously in the composite prepared by emulsion mixing and the mechanical property and thermal stability of it got the relatively highest improvement.更多还原