【摘要】 以古鉴今、继往开来，是在百年未有之大变局之际实现中华民族伟大复兴事业的重要一环。读懂历史，明了古代中国社会形态的本质特性，进而确立历史根基，无疑是一项重要的基础理论研究工作。然而，百余年来的西学侵染不仅侵蚀着中华民族的历史自信，而且还使关于古代中国社会形态性质的认知产生偏差。本文从中西方思维方式的差异着手，分别对三种关于古代中国社会形态性质的判断命题，即“古代中国是东方专制主义国度”“古代中国是人治社会”“古代中国是封建社会”的种种谬误进行批判。在此基础之上，依据古代中国社会形态的实际存在样态推定其最大特征是“大一统”，并认为用“大一统”概念对古代中国社会形态的性质进行概括最为适当。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drawing lessons from the past to serve the present and forging ahead on the basis of historical achievements are vital components in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation amid profound changes unseen in a century.Interpreting history correctly and grasping the essential characteristics of ancient Chinese social formation are therefore crucial tasks in foundational theoretical research,as they help establish a solid historical foundation for contemporary development.Over the past century,however,the pervasive influence of Western scholarship has not only undermined the Chinese nation’s historical confidence but also distorted understandings of the nature of ancient Chinese society.This paper begins by analyzing the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western modes of historical thinking.It then critically examines three influential misconceptions concerning the character of ancient Chinese social formation:the notions that "ancient China was an Oriental despotism," "ancient China was a society ruled by man," and "ancient China was a feudal society." On the basis of a close examination of the actual conditions of ancient Chinese social formation,this paper argues that its most defining characteristic is "grand unity"(da yi tong).It further contends that the concept of "grand unity" provides the most accurate and appropriate framework for understanding the essential nature of ancient Chinese society.更多还原