【摘要】 目的 了解北京市顺义区老年人健康素养水平及其影响因素，为制定健康素养干预措施、提高老年人健康素养水平提供依据。方法 于2024年9—11月，采用多阶段随机抽样结合人口规模成比例抽样方法抽取顺义区≥60岁常住居民为调查对象，采用《中国老年人健康素养调查问卷》面对面调查基本信息、健康状况和健康素养等资料；分析老年人健康素养水平，采用多因素logistic回归模型和决策树模型分析老年人健康素养水平的影响因素。结果 调查男性285人，占47.50%；女性315人，占52.50%。年龄为（68.91±7.38）岁。老年人健康素养水平为14.33%，基本理念、基本知识和基本技能3个方面素养水平分别为43.33%、5.33%和50.83%，科学老龄观、内在能力和老年综合征、健康生活方式、信息获取及自我保健、卫生服务利用及慢病管理、安全与急救6类问题素养水平分别为52.33%、7.17%、51.83%、58.83%、72.00%和4.33%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，文化程度（高中/中专/技校及以上，OR=2.376,95%CI:1.020～5.532）、家庭人均月收入（1 000～<3 500元，OR=2.973,95%CI:1.349～6.555）、居住地（城镇，OR=3.836,95%CI:2.071～7.105）和健康关注度（比较关注，OR=4.164,95%CI:1.779～9.742）是老年人健康素养水平的影响因素。决策树模型结果显示，文化程度、家庭人均月收入、居住地和健康关注度是老年人健康素养水平的影响因素，其中居住地是主要影响因素；居住在城镇、比较关注健康且高中/中专/技校及以上文化程度的老年人健康素养水平较高，为40.00%。结论 顺义区老年人健康素养水平主要受到文化程度、家庭人均月收入、居住地和健康关注度的影响。建议重点关注文化程度、家庭人均年月收入和健康关注度较低的农村老年人。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the health literacy level and its influencing factors among the elderly in Shunyi District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for developing health literacy intervention measures and improving the elderly’s health literacy level.Methods From September to November 2024, permanent residents aged ≥60 years in Shunyi District were selected by a multi-stage random sampling method combined with probability proportionate to size sampling method. The Chinese Elderly Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to conduct face-to-face surveys on basic information, health status, and health literacy. The health literacy level of the elderly was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression model and decision tree model were used to analyze the influencing factors for health literacy level of the elderly.ResultsThere were 285 males(47.50%) and 315 females(52.50%). The mean age was(68.91±7.38) years. The health literacy level of the elderly was 14.33%. The literacy levels of basic concepts, basic knowledge,and basic skills were 43.33%, 5.33%, and 50.83%, respectively. The literacy levels of scientific aging concept, intrinsic capacity and geriatric syndromes, healthy lifestyle, information acquisition and self-care, health service utilization and chronic disease management, and safety and first aid were 52.33%, 7.17%, 51.83%, 58.83%, 72.00%, and 4.33%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that educational level(high school/technical secondary school/technical school and above, OR=2.376, 95%CI: 1.020-5.532), monthly household income per capita(1 000-<3 500 yuan, OR=2.973, 95%CI: 1.349-6.555), residence(urban, OR=3.836, 95%CI: 2.071-7.105), and health attention(relatively concerned, OR=4.164, 95%CI: 1.779-9.742) were influencing factors for health literacy level of the elderly. Decision tree model results showed that educational level, monthly household income per capita, residence, and health attention were influencing factors for health literacy level of the elderly, with residence being the main influencing factor. Elderly people living in urban areas, relatively concerned about health, and with high school/technical secondary school/technical school and above educational level had higher health literacy level(40.00%).Conclusions The health literacy level of the elderly in Shunyi District is mainly affected by educational level, monthly household income per capita, residence,and health attention. It is recommended to focus on rural elderly with lower educational level, monthly household income per capita, and health attention.更多还原