【摘要】 高碳铬铁能提高合金钢的淬透性及回火稳定性，是生产不锈钢的主要合金添加剂。目前主要采用电炉法生产高碳铬铁，存在能耗高、操作不稳定等问题。发展并推广利用低成本铬铁粉矿制备优质高碳铬铁冶炼炉料技术，优化炉料结构，是电炉法高效节能生产高碳铬铁的重要措施之一。本文从生产成本、固结机制和冶炼效果等方面，总结高碳铬铁炉料制备技术的主要应用和研究进展，对比分析了各技术的工艺特点和产品性能。铬铁粉矿炉料制备技术包括冷固结压团法、烧结法、球团法等。冷固结压团法流程短，产品高温性能差，技术经济指标难改善。烧结法产品强度和冶金性能较好，缺点是能量利用率低，生产难度稍大。球团法热效率好，对原料要求高，根据制备条件分为预还原球团、氧化球团和熔剂性球团。预还原球团和氧化球团工艺成熟，在球团性能，原料适应性上各有优劣。熔剂性球团焙烧温度低，强度高。熔剂在球团内分解矿化，改善分布状态，有利于提升强度与电炉造渣。探明炉料固结机制，开发新型工艺降低炉料生产难度是目前高碳铬铁冶炼炉料制备技术发展方向。其中铬铁矿熔剂性球团工艺具有良好的应用前景，其进一步的发展与研究对优化电炉炉料结构、降低铬铁生产成本具有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-carbon ferrochrome is the primary alloy additive for stainless steel due to its ability to improve the hardenability and tempering stability of alloyed steel. The electric furnace method is the preferable technique for high carbon(HC) ferrochrome manufacture currently, but containing high production energy consumption and precarious operation. Chromite resources are primarily powder ore, but direct addition into the furnace deteriorates the permeability and furnace conditions. The advancement and promotion of furnace charge preparation technology based on low-cost chromite fines are essential strategies to improve charge structure and ensure the effective and energy-saving manufacture of HC ferrochrome by submerged arc furnace. In terms of production cost, consolidation mechanism, and smelting effect, this paper summarized the main application and research progress with a contrastive analysis of these technologies’ progress characteristics and product performance. The technique used to prepare the furnace charge from chromite fines now comprised cold consolidation, sintering, pelletizing, et cetera. Cold consolidation was a short procedure with less equipment and high adaptability. However, particles retained their same features after cementation without structural evolution, resulting in weak high-temperature performance and more difficulty improving technical and economic metrics. It was preferable to small-scale manufacturing. Chromite sintered ore had better specific surface area and resistivity, which aided in enhancing the reduction rate. Using chromite-sintered ore efficiently reduced smelting power consumption and coke ratio while increasing ferrochrome output. The weak granulation properties and the high melting point of chromite made the chromite sintering process had a high sintering temperature and low sinter product ratio.Pelletizing had an energy-efficient and large output, which required chromite grinding to enhance sphericity. Chromite pellets might divide into pre-reduced pellets, oxidized pellets, and fluxed pellets. Pre-reduced pellets worked well in smelting, although they had a high rate of low-temperature breakdown index. Additionally, pre-reduction of chromite required a higher reduction temperature with a longer reduction time. Oxidized pellets possessed high strength, short production cycles, and low ingredient requirements. Pellets also demanded high roasting temperatures with increased smelting power consumption. The development direction of charge preparation technology for high-carbon ferrochrome involved investigating the solidification mechanism of charge and developing processes to lessen the difficulty of production. Chromite fluxed pellet process had favorable application prospects, and its further development and research were of positive significance to optimize the furnace charge and reduce the cost of ferrochrome production.更多还原