【摘要】 为明确西南地区杧果(Mangifera indica Linn.)的果实表型特征与多样性水平，为新品种选育提供基础材料，对来自广西、云南、贵州的94份杧果材料的18个果实表型性状进行了系统分析。结果表明：供试杧果材料18个果实表型性状中有15个表型性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数大于1;质量性状中，果实形状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高(1.83),涵盖长圆形、椭圆形、象牙形等8个表型，其中象牙形频率最高(25.5%);数量性状中，变异系数较大的3个指标分别为可滴定酸含量(83.67%)、单果质量(43.16%)、总糖含量(39.91%),表型差异明显。相关性分析结果显示：12个数量性状间共有39对存在极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)相关关系，其中，果实纵径、果实横径、单果质量、果核纵径、果核横径、果核质量、可食率间总体呈极显著正相关，可滴定酸含量与可溶性固形物含量和总糖含量呈显著负相关。主成分分析中前3个主成分的累计贡献率为71.47%,主要贡献指标包括果实纵径、果实横径、单果质量、果核质量、果核纵径、果核横径、可食率、果核侧径、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、可滴定酸含量。聚类分析在平方欧氏距离25处将94份杧果材料划分为7个类群，不同类群在果实大小、外果皮厚、总糖含量、可滴定酸含量等方面差异明显，其中，类群Ⅶ包含‘GP-191’等72份材料，果实较大、外果皮厚度适中、可食率较高、可溶性固形物和总糖含量适中，可滴定酸含量较低。综合研究表明：供试94份杧果材料果实表型多样性丰富，可作为杧果新品种实生选种的优异亲本材料。果实纵径、单果质量、果核横径、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量等指标可作为杧果表型多样性评价的关键指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 To clarify the fruit phenotypic characteristics and diversity levels of Mangifera indica Linn. in Southwest China, and provide foundational accessions for new cultivar breeding, 18 fruit phenotypic traits of 94 M. indica accessions from Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou were systematically analyzed. The results show that among the 18 fruit phenotypic traits of M. indica accessions tested, 15 phenotypic traits have a Shannon-Wiener diversity index greater than 1; among the qualitative traits, fruit shape has the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(1.83), covering 8 phenotypes including oblong, oval, and ivory-shaped, among which the frequency of ivory-shaped is the highest(25.5%); among the quantitative traits, the three indexes with relatively large coefficients of variation are content of titratable acid(83.67%), single fruit mass(43.16%), and content of total sugar(39.91%), showing obvious phenotypic differences. The correlation analysis results show that among the 12 quantitative traits, there are 39 pairs with extremely significant(P<0.01) or significant(P<0.05) correlations, among which, vertical diameter of fruit, horizontal diameter of fruit, single fruit mass, vertical diameter of stone, horizontal diameter of stone, stone mass, and edible rate generally show extremely significant positive correlations, while content of titratable acid shows significant negative correlations with content of soluble solid and content of total sugar. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components in the principal component analysis is 71.47%, and the main contributing indexes include vertical diameter of fruit, horizontal diameter of fruit, single fruit mass, stone mass, vertical diameter of stone, horizontal diameter of stone, edible rate, lateral diameter of stone, content of soluble solid, content of total sugar, and content of titratable acid. The cluster analysis divides the 94 M. indica accessions into 7 groups at a squared Euclidean distance of 25. Different groups show obvious differences in terms of fruit size, exocarp thickness, content of total sugar, content of titratable acid, etc., among them, group Ⅶ contains 72 accessions including ‘GP-191’, with relatively large fruit, moderate exocarp thickness, relatively high edible rate, moderate contents of soluble solid and total sugar, and relatively low content of titratable acid. The comprehensive research shows that the 94 M. indica accessions tested exhibit rich fruit phenotypic diversity and can be used as excellent parental accessions for seedling selection of new M. indica cultivars. Indexes such as vertical diameter of fruit, single fruit mass, horizontal diameter of stone, edible rate, content of soluble solid, and content of titratable acid can be used as key indexes for evaluating M. indica phenotypic diversity.更多还原