【摘要】 目的：了解山东省基层医疗卫生机构中医药特色疗法的应用现状、推广难点及改进需求，为后期开展特色疗法培训方案、制定指南并推广实施及取得政策支持提供依据。方法：应用定性研究的方法，于2023年11月～2024年3月期间，采用分层随机抽样法，随机抽取山东省17家基层医疗卫生机构为研究对象。应用半结构化访谈法，利用事先设计好的访谈提纲，对被抽取单位的相关人员进行面对面访谈；并运用便利抽样法，现场寻找患者进行访谈。采用定向内容分析法整理和分析访谈资料。结果：本次研究共访谈到41位中医师，9位患者或其家属。访谈内容提炼后得到7个方面的主题，分别为中医药特色疗法应用现状、推广难点的系统性困境、人才断层与技术传承危机、患者认知偏差、培训与实践脱节及改进诉求、未来中医药特色疗法的发展方向与指南指定的关键建议。结论：当前山东省基层中医药特色疗法应用水平参差不齐，亟需加强标准化建设与能力提升，进一步推广需要政策、培训、宣传多维度支持。未来应聚焦技术标准化、培训实战化及医保政策优化，以提升可及性和疗效认可度。指南制定与推广需结合基层实际，强调普适性、可视性和循证证据支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the application status, promotion difficulties, and improvement needs of TCM therapies in primary healthcare institutions in Shandong Province, and provide a basis for the development of specialized therapy training programs, promotion guidelines, and policy support in the future. Methods From November 2023 to March 2024, stratified random sampling method was employed to randomly select 17 primary healthcare institutions in Shandong Province as the subjects of the study. A semi-structured interview method was employed, using a pre-designed interview outline to conduct face-to-face interviews with relevant personnel from the selected units. Additionally, convenience sampling was used to select patients on-site for interviews. Directed content analysis was applied to organize and analyze the interview data. Results A total of 41 TCM practitioners and 10 patients or family members were interviewed in this study. The interview content was refined in seven thematic areas of the current application status of TCM therapies, systemic challenges in promotion, talent gaps and technical inheritance crises, patient perception biases, disconnection between training and practice as well as improvement demands, future development directions for TCM therapies, and key recommendations for guideline formulation. Conclusion At present, the application level of characteristic traditional Chinese medicine therapies at the primary level in Shandong Province varies markedly, which urgently need standardization and capacity-building, and further multi-dimensional support from policy, training, and publicity. Future efforts should be focused on standardizing techniques, enhancing practical training, and optimizing medical insurance to improve the accessibility and therapeutic recognition. Guideline formulation and popularization should be based on grassroots realities, emphasizing practicality and evidence-based foundations.更多还原