【摘要】 高寒生态系统是高纬度、高海拔、气候寒冷、冻土广泛分布的地区,也是全球变化的敏感区。外生菌根真菌是高寒生态系统优势植物的主要共生微生物类群,通过独特的外生菌根结构与宿主植物建立互惠关系,促进幼苗生长,提升植物对水分和养分的吸收,增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。外生菌根真菌通过“碳输入-固持”和“氮矿化-吸收”双路径调控高寒生态系统的物质循环过程,是高寒生态系统碳氮循环的关键驱动者。该文综述了外生菌根真菌在高寒生态系统碳氮循环方面的关键作用和全球变化下的响应特征,强调了在全球变化背景下,保护外生菌根真菌多样性及其关键类群以维持高寒生态系统碳氮循环过程和生态系统稳定的重要价值,为高寒生态系统脆弱生境的保护和应对全球变化威胁提供了科学参考。未来需进一步加强外生菌根真菌功能性状与多样性特征对多重全球变化因子的响应与反馈调节机制研究,并将菌根生态学的研究纳入“One Health”框架,更好地服务于生态系统与人类健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alpine ecosystems, characterized by high latitudes, high altitudes, cold climates, and extensive permafrost, are highly sensitive to global climate change. Ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF) represent a major group of symbiotic microorganisms associated with dominant plant species in these ecosystems. By forming unique ectomycorrhizal structures with host plants, these fungi establish mutualistic relationships that promote seedling growth, enhance water and nutrient uptake, and improve host resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Through dual pathways of “carbon input-stabilization” and “nitrogen mineralization-uptake”, ECMF regulate material cycling and serve as key drivers of carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This review summarizes the critical roles of ECMF in carbon and nitrogen cycling within alpine ecosystems and their responses to climate change. It emphasizes the importance of preserving ECMF diversity and key functional groups to maintain ecosystem stability and nutrient processing under global change scenarios. Such conservation efforts provide essential scientific support for protecting vulnerable alpine habitats and mitigating climate-related threats. Future research should further investigate the response mechanisms and feedback regulations of ECMF functional traits and diversity under multiple-factor climate change. Integrating mycorrhizal ecology into the “One Health” framework will better serve the holistic health of both ecosystem and human societies.更多还原