【摘要】 为系统评估猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae(Psa)在不同自然介质及潜在存活场所中的生存能力。本研究通过采集空气、雨水、花粉、土壤及多种猕猴桃植物组织等田间样品，比较Psa在不同介质中的存活差异；通过室内接种研究病原菌在不同温度土壤与水体中的存活能力。研究发现Psa在空气和花粉中检出率较高，分别达90%和73%,发病果园表层土壤中阳性率为40%,雨水样品中阳性率为20%;在野生猕猴桃叶片和穗条等组织中亦具有较强存活能力；在(4±2)℃条件下，Psa可在灭菌基质土和水体中存活84～90 d,而在未灭菌条件下存活期显著缩短。Psa可在空气、花粉及猕猴桃地上部组织等多种介质中较高频率检出，并能在(4±2)～(25±2)℃的土壤及水体中长期存活，表明这些介质与场所可能是其潜在传播源。Psa可通过花粉、穗条实现远距离传播，亦可随花粉释放形成带菌气溶胶，经空气流动、雨水淋溶进入地表水体，污染灌溉水源，最终传入土壤，构成“花粉-空气-水体-土壤”的连续传播链。本研究可为猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的科学防控与检疫管理提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To systematically evaluate the survival capacity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae(Psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker, in different natural media and potential habitats, field samples including air, rainwater, pollen, soil, and various kiwifruit plant tissues were collected to assess differences in Psa survival across environmental matrices. In addition, laboratory inoculation experiments were conducted to evaluate the survival capacity of the pathogen in soil and water under different temperature conditions. The results showed that Psa was detected at relatively high frequencies in air and pollen samples, with detection rates of 90% and 73%, respectively. The positive rate in surface soils of diseased orchards reached 40%, while that in rainwater samples was 20%. Psa also exhibited strong survival ability in tissues such as leaves and fruiting shoots of wild kiwifruit. Under(4±2)℃ condition, Psa was able to survive for extended periods(84-90 days) in sterilized substrate soil and water, whereas its survival period was significantly shortened under non-sterilized conditions. Psa was frequently detected in multiple media, including air, pollen, and aboveground kiwifruit tissues, and was capable of long-term survival in soil and water at temperatures ranging from(4±2) to(25±2)℃, indicating that these media and habitats may serve as potential sources of transmission. Psa can spread over long distances through pollen and fruiting shoots, and may form pathogen-carrying aerosols during pollen release. These aerosols can be transported by air flow and washed into surface water by rainfall, contaminating irrigation water and eventually entering the soil, thereby forming a continuous transmission chain of “pollen-air-water-soil.” This study provides a reference for the scientific prevention, control, and quarantine management of kiwifruit bacterial canker.更多还原