【摘要】 笔者在临诊中接诊1只体重541 g，年龄1.5岁，处于发情期的毛丝鼠，患鼠因饮食欲废绝、出现频繁的排尿蹲坐动作和血尿而就诊。采用体格检查、血细胞分类计数检查、血清生化检查、尿液检查和影像学检查进行诊断。检查结果显示，患鼠阴茎头红肿，腹部膨大，尿淋漓且尿液微红；血小板（PLT）计数低于参考范围；血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CREA）和无机磷（PHOS）检测值均高于参考范围；超声检查提示，尿道有高密度物质；尿沉渣检查提示，尿液中含有草酸钙结石。综合诊断患鼠为尿道结石并继发膀胱炎和尿道损伤，结石位于尿道近膀胱口处。治疗采用手术疗法，将结石挤压至膀胱中取出。术后常规抗菌消炎，口服乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖(沙司多芬^TM修复膀胱黏膜。对术中取出尿液制备尿沉渣，鉴定结果显示结晶主要成分为二水草酸钙。经7 d治疗后，该毛丝鼠排尿恢复通畅，血尿消失，恢复健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a 1.5-year-old, 541 g, sexually active chinchilla presented with anorexia, frequent posturing to urinate, and hematuria.A thorough diagnostic approach was undertaken, including physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and imaging.Clinical findings included swelling of the glans penis, abdominal distension, dribbling reddish urine, and decreased platelet（PLT） count.Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen（BUN）, creatinine（CREA）, and inorganic phosphorus（PHOS） were elevated, indicating renal strain.Ultrasound imaging revealed high-density material in the urethra, and urinary sediment analysis identified calcium oxalate crystals.The chinchilla was diagnosed with urethral calculi, complicated by cystitis and urethral injury.The stone was located near the bladder neck.Surgical intervention involved manual retrograde manipulation of the stone into the bladder, followed by retrieval.Postoperative care included antibiotic therapy and oral acetyl-D-glucosamine(Sasdone^TM) to promote bladder mucosal healing.Crystallographic analysis of the intraoperatively collected urine confirmed the stone to be composed mainly of calcium oxalate dihydrate.After 7 days of treatment, the chinchilla showed full recovery, urination normalized and hematuria resolved.更多还原