【摘要】 为了研究莫昔克丁浇泼剂对猪疥螨的驱治效果，本试验将32头三元杂交猪随机分为4个组，每组8头，其中3个组分别单次浇泼2.5、7.5和12.5 mg/（kg·bw·d）剂量的莫昔克丁浇泼剂，连续给药3 d，空白对照组浇泼生理盐水，试验期间观察并记录各组猪只的临床表现，测量体温、心率和呼吸频率，统计体重变化和饲料转化率，检测血常规和血生化指标，以评估莫昔克丁浇泼剂对猪的安全性。随后，在我国4个地区12个中小型猪场进行猪疥螨感染情况调查，将36头疥螨阳性猪随机分为6个组，每组6头，其中5个组分别浇泼给药0.25、0.5、1、2和5 mg/（kg·bw·d）剂量的莫昔克丁浇泼剂，感染未治疗对照组浇泼生理盐水，试验期间观察各组猪只临床表现，统计体重变化和疥螨治愈率，以筛选莫昔克丁浇泼剂驱治猪疥螨的最佳剂量。最终，将24头疥螨阳性猪随机分为4个组，每组6头，其中2个组分别浇泼给药0.5和1 mg/（kg·bw·d）剂量的莫昔克丁浇泼剂，阿维菌素透皮剂组浇泼给药1 mg/（kg·bw·d）剂量阿维菌素，感染未治疗对照组浇泼生理盐水，统计各组猪只体重变化和疥螨治愈率，以比较莫昔克丁浇泼剂和阿维菌素透皮剂对猪疥螨的驱治效果。安全性试验结果显示，各剂量组猪只临床体征、血常规和血生化指标均正常，增重和饲料转化率与空白对照组均无显著差异（P > 0.05），表明试验所用剂量范围内的莫昔克丁浇泼剂对猪无毒副作用。12个猪场猪疥螨感染率为14.38%(65/452)。剂量筛选试验结果显示，除0.25 mg/（kg·bw·d）剂量组有2头猪只皮屑样品中检出疥螨外，其他剂量组猪只疥螨治愈率均为100%，不同剂量莫昔克丁浇泼剂组猪只增重均无显著差异（P > 0.05）,1 mg/（kg·bw·d）莫昔克丁浇泼剂组增重显著高于感染未治疗对照组（P<0.05）。药效性试验结果显示，0.5和1 mg/（kg·bw·d）莫昔克丁浇泼剂组和阿维菌素透皮剂组的猪疥螨治愈率均为100%，且猪只增重均显著高于感染未治疗对照组（P<0.05）。本试验确定了莫昔克丁浇泼剂驱治猪疥螨感染的有效安全剂量为0.5 mg/（kg·bw·d），可为临床上驱治猪疥螨提供新的给药途径和方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 To evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of moxidectin pour-on formulation against Sarcoptes scabiei infection in pigs, 32 three-way crossbred pigs were randomly divided into four groups(n = 8 per group).Three groups received moxidectin pouron at doses of 2.5, 7.5, and 12.5 mg/（kg·bw·d） once daily for 3 consecutive days, while the Blank control group received physiological saline.Clinical signs, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, weight gain, and feed conversion rate were recorded.Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were also measured to evaluate safety.Subsequently, a survey of S.scabiei infection was conducted across 12 small-to-medium pig farms in four regions in China.A total of 36 pigs positive for S.scabiei were randomly allocated into six groups(n = 6).Five groups were treated with moxidectin pour-on at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg/（kg·bw·d）, respectively, and the Untreated infection control group received saline.Clinical observations, body weight gain, and cure rates were recorded to determine the optimal dose.Then, 24 infected pigs were divided into four groups(n = 6): two moxidectin groups [0.5 and 1 mg/（kg·bw·d）], one group treated with a 1 mg/（kg·bw·d） transdermal formulation of abamectin, and one untreated infected control.Weight gain and cure rates were assessed to compare therapeutic efficacy.Safety evaluation showed no abnormal clinical signs, hematological or biochemical changes across all moxidectin dose groups, and no significant difference in weight gain or feed conversion rate compared with the Blank control group(P > 0.05), indicating no toxicity within the tested dose range.The infection rate of S.scabiei across 12 farms was 14.38%(65/452).Dose-finding results showed all pigs treated with doses ≥0.5 mg/（kg·bw·d） achieved 100% cure rates; only two pigs in the 0.25 mg/（kg·bw·d） group still showed mites.Weight gain did not differ significantly among treated groups(P > 0.05), but pigs in the 1 mg/（kg·bw·d） group gained significantly more weight than Untreated infection control group(P < 0.05).In efficacy comparison, both moxidectin groups [0.5 and 1 mg/（kg·bw·d）] and the Abamectin transdermal group achieved 100% cure rates, with significantly greater weight gain than Untreated infection control group(P < 0.05).This study determined that 0.5 mg/（kg·bw·d） is a safe and effective dose of moxidectin pour-on formulation for treating pig S.scabiei infection, offering a new administration route and treatment protocol for clinical application.更多还原