【摘要】 【目的】锑（Sb）是一种具有环境毒性的典型重金属污染物，在水环境中主要以三价Sb[Sb（Ⅲ）]和五价Sb[Sb（Ⅴ）]这2种氧化形态存在，两者在毒性、生物可利用性及迁移转化行为方面存在显著差异。随着工业活动的不断加强，Sb污染问题日益突出，准确识别并测定水体中Sb的价态对评估其生态风险、制定有效的污染控制和修复措施具有重要意义。本文旨在系统梳理和总结当前水体中Sb价态测量技术的研究进展，为Sb污染的环境监测与治理提供理论支撑与技术参考。【方法】本文通过系统梳理相关研究文献，概述了Sb的氧化还原特性、配位行为及络合机制等基础理论，并重点比较了分光光度法、原子光谱法、电化学法、色谱分离-元素检测联用技术以及纳米材料辅助方法等典型Sb价态测量技术的原理、性能特点及应用现状。【结果】分光光度法具有成本低、操作简便等优点，但灵敏度与选择性有限；氢化物生成原子光谱法检测限可达0.05μg/L,灵敏度较高；电化学法对Sb（Ⅲ）具有良好的选择性，检测限低至1.08×10^-7 mol/L;高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱（HPLC-ICP-MS）联用技术灵敏度极高、选择性强，检测限可达纳克每升级，是目前最先进的分析方法之一，但设备昂贵、操作复杂；纳米材料辅助技术在Sb价态的分离与富集方面展现出良好前景，但仍存在成本较高、操作复杂等问题。【结论】现有Sb价态测量技术各具优势与局限，其中HPLC-ICP-MS因其优异的灵敏度与选择性，在Sb价态分析中具有广阔应用前景。未来研究应重点关注高效稳定的样品前处理技术、绿色环保的新型富集材料、便携式现场快速检测技术的开发，以及人工智能辅助分析平台的构建，以期为环境污染监测与风险控制提供更为精准、高效的技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Antimony（Sb）, a typical heavy metal pollutant with environmental toxicity, mainly exists in aquatic environment in two oxidation states: trivalent Sb[Sb（Ⅲ）] and pentavalent Sb[Sb（Ⅴ）]. These two species exhibit significant differences in toxicity, bioavailability, and migration and transformation behavior. With the intensification of industrial activities, Sb pollution has become increasingly prominent. Accurate identification and valence analysis of Sb in water bodies is crucial for evaluating its ecological risks and formulating effective pollution control and remediation strategies. This paper aims to systematically summarize the current research progress of Sb valence measurement technologies in aquatic environments, providing theoretical support and technical references for environmental monitoring and pollution management of Sb.[Methods] Based on a comprehensive review of relevant literature, this paper introduces the fundamental theories related to Sb speciation, including its redox characteristics, coordination behavior, and complexation mechanisms. It focuses on comparing the principles, performance, and applications status of several representative Sb speciation technologies, such as spectrophotometry, atomic spectrometry, electrochemical method, chromatography-element detection hyphenated technology, and nanomaterial-assisted technology are deeply analyzed.[Results] Spectrophotometry is cost-effective and easy to operate, but suffers from limited sensitivity and selectivity. Hydride generation atomic spectrometry offers high sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 0.05 μg/L. Electrochemical method provides good selectivity for Sb（Ⅲ）, with detection limits reaching 1.08×10^-7 mol/L. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（HPLC-ICP-MS） exhibits outstanding sensitivity and selectivity. Its detection limits can reach the ng/L level, making it one of the most advanced analytical technologies available. However, the method is limited by high instrumentation costs and complex operation. Nanomaterial-assisted technology shows promising potential for Sb valence separation and preconcentration, though issues such as high cost and complex operation still remain.[Conclusion] Existing Sb valence measurement technologies have their respective advantages and limitations. Among them, HPLC-ICP-MS shows wide application potential due to its superior sensitivity and selectivity. Future research should focus on developing efficient and stable sample pretreatment technology, environmentally friendly enrichment materials, portable on-site rapid detection technology, and artificial intelligence-assisted analytical platforms, aiming to provide more precise and efficient technical support for environmental pollution monitoring and risk management.更多还原