【摘要】 目的 对2025年福建省1例Q热病例开展流行病学调查与系统发育分析，分析可能的感染源，为控制疫情提供科学依据。方法 对患者及其居住环境、家畜养殖情况开展流行病学调查，并采集患者血清、全血、痰液以及外环境土壤样本，使用实时荧光定量PCR法和巢式PCR法检测贝氏柯克斯体，并对阳性样本进行基因测序及系统发育分析。结果 患者痰液中贝氏柯克斯体核酸呈阳性；流行病学调查显示，该患者为福建省本地病例；基于Com1和GroEL基因的序列比对分析进一步证实病原体为贝氏柯克斯体，且与福建省宿主动物及蜱虫中获得的贝氏柯克斯体序列高度一致，一致性为99.2%～99.8%。结论 本病例为福建省首例经实验室确诊的Q热病例，提示需进一步加强Q热的监测与防控工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study conducted an epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analysis of a case of Q fever in Fujian Province in 2025, to analyze the possible infection sources and provide a scientific basis for epidemic control. Epidemiological investigations were carried out on the patient, his living environment and livestock breeding conditions. Samples of the patient′s serum, whole blood, and sputum, as well as environmental soil samples, were collected. Real-time quantitative PCR and nested PCR were used to detect Coxiella burnetii, and gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on positive samples.The patient′s sputum was positive for C. burnetii nucleic acid. Epidemiological investigation indicated that the patient was a local case in Fujian Province. Sequence comparison analysis based on Com1 and GroEL genes further confirmed that the pathogen was C. burnetii, and the sequence was highly similar to that of C. burnetii obtained from the host animals and ticks in the province, with identity ranging from 99.2% to 99.8%. This report describes the first laboratory-confirmed case of Q fever in Fujian Province, thus highlighting the need to further strengthen Q fever surveillance, prevention, and control in the province.更多还原