【摘要】 基于控释尿素的特性和单季晚稻的需肥规律，本研究通过优化控释尿素与普通尿素的掺混比例及释放期调控，研制新配比控释掺混尿素，并探讨一次性基施替代常规分次施肥的可行性，以期为嘉定区单季晚稻高产、节本增效栽培提供理论依据。试验设置3个处理：T1（控释尿素和普通尿素按75%:25%质量比掺混，一次性基施）、T2（普通尿素按常规分次施用）、T3（不施氮肥）。结果表明，与T2相比，T1处理显著提高水稻开花期和乳熟期的剑叶SPAD值（分别提升3.56%和17.38%），有效穗数增加11.24%；产量和净效益分别提升2.58%和6.30%；地上部氮素积累量提高19.36%；氮肥利用率、农学效率及偏生产力分别显著提高28.69%、4.03%和2.58%。该一次性施肥模式实现了基施条件下多阶段氮素供应，降低了施肥频次与劳动力成本。在维持产量稳定的同时，氮肥利用率较T2处理提升9.53个百分点，是适合单季晚稻轻简化高效栽培的有效施肥策略，具有良好的节本增效潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the characteristics of controlled-release urea（CRU） and the nutrient uptake patterns of single-cropping late rice, this study developed a novel blended CRU formulation by optimizing the mixing ratio and release period of CRU and conventional urea（U）, and investigated the feasibility of its one-time basal application as a substitute for conventional split fertilization. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high yield, cost reduction, and enhancing efficiency in rice cultivation in Jiading District. Three treatments were established: T₁（CRU:U = 75% :25% by mass, 30-day release period, one-time basal application）, T₂（conventional split application of U）, and T₃（no nitrogen application）. Results showed that compared with T₂, the T₁ treatment significantly increased the SPAD value of flag leaves at flowering and milking stages by 3.56% and 17.38%, respectively, and increased panicles per unit area by 11.24%. Yield and net economic benefit were enhanced by 2.58% and 6.30%, respectively; aboveground nitrogen accumulation rose by 19.36%; while nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity were significantly improved by 28.69%, 4.03%, and 2.58%, respectively. This one-time fertilization strategy enables multi-stage nitrogen supply through a single basal application, reduces fertilization frequency and labor costs,and increases nitrogen use efficiency by 9.53% compared with T₂ while maintaining stable yield. It represents an effective fertilization strategy suitable for the simplified and efficient cultivation of single-cropping late rice,demonstrating significant potential for cost reduction and efficiency improvement.更多还原