【摘要】 针对八角优良无性系品质评价体系不完善、专用型良种筛选缺乏依据的问题，为筛选高挥发油、高莽草酸、高龙蒿脑等专用型八角优良种质，以同一产地14个八角优良无性系(HL1～HL14)植株的鲜叶和干果为材料，采用水蒸气蒸馏法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法，测定叶片、果实挥发油含量、莽草酸含量及4种关键挥发油组分含量，并进行主成分分析。结果表明：14个优良无性系八角叶片含油量在0.2～0.69 mL/100g；干果含油量在6.3～12.8 mL/100g，均高于6%的选优阈值标准，其中HL9最高，为12.8 mL/100g;HL4、HL6及HL14的干果莽草酸含量均超过9.0%;HL10龙蒿脑含量最高，为0.71%；各指标在无性系间差异均达显著水平。主成分分析显示，14个八角无性系综合表现优劣排序为HL9、HL13、HL10、HL14、HL8、HL11、HL7、HL2、HL3、HL12、HL4、HL1、HL6、HL5；综合得分较高的无性系HL9、HL13、HL10和HL14可作为选择栽培对象，其中HL9（果实挥发油含量最高）、HL10（龙蒿脑含量最高）、HL14（莽草酸含量最高）以及HL3（鲜叶挥发油含量最高）具备专项利用价值，可在生产中针对性选择利用。本研究为八角良种选育、定向栽培与深加工利用提供科学依据，未来可开展区域化试验与配套栽培技术研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to screen high volatile oil, high shikimic acid, high estragole and other special type of Illicium verum excellent germplasm and provide a basis for resource exploitation and varietal breeding of Illicium verum, fresh leaves and dried fruits were collected from 14 excellent clones plant(HL1–HL14) of Illicium verum from the same production area. Volatile oil content in leaves and fruits was determined by steam distillation, shikimic acid content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and volatile oil components were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC). Principal component analysis(PCA) was performed to evaluate the samples. The results indicated that the leaf oil content ranged from 0.2 to 0.69 mL/100g of excellent 14 clones, while the dried fruit oil content varied from 6.3 to 12.8 mL/100g, all up to the selection criterion of 6%. Clone HL9 exhibited the highest fruit oil content at 12.8 mL/100g. The shikimic acid content in dried fruits of HL4, HL6, and HL14 exceeded 9.0%. HL10 showed the highest estragole content at0.71%. Considerable variation was observed among clones in terms of volatile oil content, shikimic acid content, and chemical composition. PCA-based comprehensive ranking of the 14 clones in descending order was: HL9, HL13, HL10, HL14, HL8, HL11, HL7, HL2, HL3, HL12, HL4, HL1, HL6, and HL5. Clones with higher composite scores include HL9, HL13, HL10, and HL14, which are recommended for selective cultivation. Among these, HL9(highest fruit volatile oil content), HL10(highest estragole content), HL14(highest shikimic acid content), and HL3(highest leaf volatile oil content) possess specific utilizable traits and can be targeted for production applications.更多还原