【摘要】 本文针对小型液氢储运过程中关键的热损耗问题，采用结构优化设计与多物理场数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了小型液氢储罐的整体结构参数、各核心部件的传热特性及热防护性能，重点分析了常温（27℃）与极端高温（40℃）工况下储罐的漏热路径、漏热总量分布以及液氢日静态蒸发率变化规律。结果表明：在常温工况下，液氢储罐的总漏热量为5.12 W，极端温度工况下总漏热量略升至5.54 W,2种工况下漏热差异主要源于外部环境温差导致的辐射与对流换热增强；常温及极端温度工况下的液氢日蒸发率分别较当前行业标准中5 m3容器2.11%、10 m3容器1.51%的指标均至少降低40%；液氢储罐结构件中，不锈钢拉杆漏热量占比达17%～18%，环氧玻璃钢支撑漏热量占比达32%～33%，为主要漏热源，而夹层空间通过多层绝热材料的优化布置，温度梯度控制在合理范围，有效抑制了热传递。更多还原

【Abstract】 The key heat loss issues in small liquid hydrogen storage and transportation are addressed in this paper. A combined method of structural optimization design and multi-physics numerical simulation is adopted to systematically investigate the overall structural parameters of small liquid hydrogen storage tanks, the heat transfer characteristics and thermal protection performance of each core component. It focuses on analyzing the heat leakage paths, total heat leakage distribution, and variation laws of the daily static evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen under normal temperature(27 ℃) and extreme high temperature(40 ℃) operating conditions. The results demonstrate that: under normal temperature conditions, the total heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is 5.12 W, and it slightly increases to 5.54 W under extreme temperature conditions. The difference in heat leakage between the two conditions is mainly attributed to the enhanced radiation and convective heat transfer caused by the temperature difference of the external environment; the daily evaporation rates of liquid hydrogen under normal and extreme temperature conditions are both reduced by more than 40% compared with the current industry indicators of 2.11% for 5 m3 containers and 1.51% for 10 m3 containers. Among the structural components of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the heat leakage of stainless steel tie rods accounts for 17%-18%, and that of epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic supports accounts for 32%-33%, which are the main heat leakage sources. However, through the optimized arrangement of multi-layer thermal insulation materials in the interlayer space, the temperature gradient is controlled within a reasonable range, effectively suppressing heat transfer.更多还原