【摘要】 电动汽车充电桩是典型的非线性电力电子器件，给电网带来严重的谐波污染。以额定功率7 kW基于6脉波不控整流的电动汽车充电桩为研究对象，在10 kV母线经10/0.38 kV变压器降压供电的典型背景下，通过理论分析与仿真，明确其交流侧以5、7、11、13次为主的谐波特性。为治理谐波，系统对比3种技术路线：设计并联单调谐滤波器以吸收特定次谐波；构建12脉整流模型以通过相位抵消原理消除低次谐波；采用双闭环控制PWM整流器以实现单位功率因数运行。仿真结果表明，并联单调谐滤波器可将总谐波畸变率(Total Harmonic Distortion, THD)从32.09%显著降至4.57%,并将功率因数提升至0.925 2;12脉整流能有效抑制5、7次谐波，使总谐波畸变率降至12.23%,但对功率因数改善有限；PWM整流性能最优，总谐波畸变率低于1.15%,并能实现功率因数接近1的理想效果。通过参数设计与性能对比，可以为不同工程场景下谐波治理方案选择提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric vehicle charging piles are typical nonlinear power electronic devices that cause serious harmonic pollution to the power grid. The electric vehicle charging pile based on 6-pulse uncontrolled rectification with a rated power of 7 kW is taken as the research object. Under the typical background of 10 kV bus and 10/0.38 kV transformer step-down power supply, the harmonic characteristics of the AC side mainly at 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th harmonics are clarified through theoretical analysis and simulation. To control harmonics, the system compares three technical routes: designing parallel tuned filters to absorb specific harmonics; constructing a 12 pulse rectification model to eliminate low order harmonics through phase cancellation principle; adopting dual closed-loop control PWM rectifier to achieve unity power factor operation. The simulation results show that the parallel single tuned filter can significantly reduce the total harmonic distortion rate from 32.09% to 4.57% and increase the power factor to 0.9252; 12 pulse rectification can effectively suppress the 5th and 7th harmonics, reducing the total harmonic distortion rate to 12.23%, but has limited improvement on power factor; PWM rectification has the best performance, with a total harmonic distortion rate of less than 1.15%, and can achieve an ideal power factor close to 1. By designing parameters and comparing performance, a basis can be provided for selecting harmonic control schemes in different engineering scenarios.更多还原