【摘要】 《新证据规定》第53条为法院的法律观点释明提供了依据。类型化考察发现实务中法律观点释明的边界不清，折射出在诉讼标的旧实体法说下法律观点释明与处分原则存在紧张关系，为此应明晰法院依职权适用法律与当事人决定诉讼标的各自作用场域。当事人主张的法律关系性质或民事行为效力与案件事实不符时，法院依职权适用其所认定的法律观点不应受限，但应向当事人释明，并给予其发表意见的机会；无论当事人有无变更诉讼请求的必要，法院均有释明法律观点的义务。法律观点释明的边界还受辩论原则的柔性限制：法院释明法律观点应以当事人陈述并结合证据所反映的事实为界；对于民事行为效力的释明，应以诉讼资料所呈现的事实抗辩为限。实务中，无论当事人是否变更其所主张的法律关系性质或民事行为效力，法院均可依据《新证据规定》第53条，基于自身法律观点在诉讼请求范围内直接裁判。更多还原

【Abstract】 Article 53 of New Evidence Regulations provides the basis for the legal viewpoint elucidation of the court. A typological examination reveals the unclear boundaries of the legal viewpoint elucidation in practice,reflecting the tension between the legal viewpoint elucidation and the principle of disposition under the traditional old substantive law theory of the subject matter of action,for which the respective fields of ex officio application of the law by the court and the decision on the subject matter of action by the parties should be clarified. When the nature of the legal relation or the validity of the civil act claimed by the parties is inconsistent with the facts of the case,the court shall not be limited in applying the legal viewpoint it determines,but it shall elucidate it to the parties and give them opportunities to express their opinions; regardless of whether the parties have the necessity to change the litigation claim,the court has the obligation to elucidate the legal viewpoint. The boundaries of the legal viewpoint elucidation are also subject to the flexible limitations of the principle of debate:the court’s elucidation of legal viewpoint should be bounded by the statements of the parties and the facts as reflected in the evidence; and the validity of the civil act elucidation should be limited to the fact defenses presented by the litigation materials. In practice,whether or not the parties change the nature of the legal relation or the validity of the civil act,the court can directly adjudicate on the basis of its own legal viewpoint within the scope of the litigation claim in accordance with article 53 of the New Evidence Regulations.更多还原