【摘要】 目的 分析泉州地区儿童鼻病毒(HRV)感染的流行病学特征与临床表型，为本地儿童HRV感染的精准诊疗及防控策略制定提供依据。方法 回顾性收集2022年6月至2025年6月本院儿科收治的200例HRV感染患儿临床资料，采用呼吸道病原体13联核酸检测(PCR毛细电泳片段分析法)检测鼻咽拭子HRV核酸，结果涵盖HRV、肺炎支原体(MP)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A/B型、副流感病毒等13种病原体，运用SPSS26.0软件分析流行病学规律(性别、年龄、季节、地域分布)及临床特征(症状体征、实验室指标、影像学表现、混合感染、治疗预后)。结果 200例患儿中，男118例(59.00%),女82例(41.00%),性别差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.480,P=0.011);年龄以<1岁组占比最高(41.00%),随年龄增长检出率显著下降(χ~2=48.760,P<0.01)。季节分布呈春秋季双高峰：春季(3～5月)32.00%、秋季(9～11月)35.00%,显著高于夏冬季(χ~2=24.480,P<0.01);地域分布以中心城区为主(63.00%,χ~2=13.520,P<0.01)。临床症状以咳嗽(76.50%)、鼻塞流涕(83.00%)、发热(78.00%)为主，婴幼儿组(<3岁)鼻塞流涕、喘息发生率显著高于学龄组(均P<0.05),而学龄组咳嗽、咽痛、头痛发生率更高(均P<0.05)。混合感染率21.00%,以HRV合并呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)最常见(47.62%)。23例(11.50%)发展为重症，均为<3岁婴幼儿，73.91%合并RSV感染，经对症治疗后均痊愈出院。结论 泉州地区儿童HRV感染以男性婴幼儿为主，春秋季高发，婴幼儿鼻塞流涕、喘息显著，学龄儿童咳嗽、咽痛突出，合并RSV感染与重症风险相关，临床需针对性制定防控与诊疗方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical phenotypes of human rhinovirus(HRV) infection in children in Quanzhou area, and to provide a basis for formulating precise diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control strategies for local childhood HRV infection. Methods Clinical data of 200 children with HRV infection admitted to the pediatric department of our hospital from June 2022 to June 2025 were collected retrospectively. HRV nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs was detected by 13-plex nucleic acid detection of respiratory pathogens(PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis),covering 13 pathogens including HRV,Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV),Adenovirus(ADV),Influenza A/B virus, and Parainfluenza virus. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the epidemiological patterns(distribution of gender, age, season, and region) and clinical characteristics(symptoms and signs, laboratory indicators, imaging findings, co-infections, treatment and prognosis). Results Among the 200 children, 118 were males(59.00%) and 82 were females(41.00%),with a statistically significant difference in gender distribution(χ~2=6.480,P=0.011). The age group of <1 year old accounted for the highest proportion(41.00%),and the detection rate decreased significantly with increasing age(χ~2=48.760,P<0.01). The seasonal distribution showed two peaks in spring and autumn: the infection rate was 32.00% in spring(March-May) and 35.00% in autumn(September-November),which were significantly higher than those in summer and winter(χ~2=24.480,P<0.01). In terms of regional distribution, cases were mainly concentrated in the central urban area(63.00%,χ~2=13.520,P<0.01). The main clinical symptoms were cough(76.50%),nasal congestion and runny nose(83.00%),and fever(78.00%). The incidences of nasal congestion with runny nose and wheezing in the infant group(< 3 years old) were significantly higher than those in the school-age group(both P<0.05),while the incidences of cough, sore throat, and headache in the school-age group were higher(all P<0.05). The co-infection rate was 21.00%,with HRV combined with Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV) being the most common(47.62%). A total of 23 cases(11.50%) developed severe conditions, all of whom were infants under 3 years old; among these severe cases, 73.91% were co-infected with RSV. All patients were discharged after recovery following symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Childhood HRV infection in the Quanzhou area mainly affects male infants, with a high incidence in spring and autumn. Infants present with prominent nasal congestion, runny nose, and wheezing, while school-age children have notable cough and sore throat. Co-infection with RSV is associated with the risk of severe illness, so targeted prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment protocols should be developed in clinical practice.更多还原