【摘要】 为揭示小麦新品种开麦1502高产、稳产和综合抗性的遗传构成，利用小麦育种120K液相芯片对开麦1502及其亲本署麦05-2、科农1091开展全基因组水平的遗传变异检测与解析。结果表明，两亲本对开麦1502的遗传贡献在全基因组水平上存在显著差异，署麦05-2和科农1091对开麦1502的遗传贡献率分别为56.19%、43.81%。其中，署麦05-2对开麦1502的A、B、D亚基因组的贡献率分别为46.97%、58.72%和75.32%。开麦1502继承了署麦05-2较多的遗传片段，遗传组成呈现较明显的单亲本优势现象。同时，利用功能芯片进行分子遗传解析发现，开麦1502聚合了双亲的多个优异基因(QTL),包括高千粒重基因TaGS5-A1a、TaGW2-6Ab、TaGS1a-B1a、Hap-T,矮秆基因RHT-8、Rht24、Rht-D1b,抗病基因Lr67、Yr29、Yr5、Lr34、Pm12等，高类胡萝卜素基因ZDS-D1,大粒基因QGl-4A,红色种皮基因Tamyb10-A1和晚开花基因Vrn-A1,并且还含有高千粒重基因TaSus2-2Ba,抗叶锈病基因Lr37,低穗发芽基因TaSdr-B1。研究表明，开麦1502在生产上表现出较大的高产潜力和广适性。双亲对开麦1502的遗传贡献率存在差异，母本署麦05-2的遗传贡献率最大。开麦1502聚合了多个主要农艺性状优异基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reveal the genetic composition of high yield, stable yield and comprehensive resistance of a new wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) variety Kaimai1502, a genome-wide genetic variation detection and analysis was conducted on Kaimai1502 and its parental lines, Xuanmai05-2 and Kenong1091, using the 120K liquid chip for wheat breeding. The results showed that there were significant differences in the genetic contributions of the 2 parents to Kaimai1502 at the whole genome level. The genetic contribution rates of Xuanmai05-2 and Kenong1091 to Kaimai1502 were 56.19% and 43.81%, respectively. Among them, the contribution rates of Xuanmai05-2 to the A, B and D sub-genomes of Kaimai1502 were 46.97%, 58.72% and 75.32%, respectively. Kaimai1502 inherited more genetic segments from Xuanmai05-2, presenting a significant single-parent advantage phenomenon in genetic composition. At the same time, molecular genetic analysis using functional chips revealed that Kaimai1502 aggregated multiple excellent genes/QTL from both parents, including high grain weight genes TaGS5-A1a, TaGW2-6Ab, TaGS1a-B1a, Hap-T, dwarfing genes RHT-8, Rht24, Rht-D1b, disease resistance genes Lr67, Yr29, Yr5, Lr34, Pm12, high carotenoid genes ZDS-D1, large grain genes QGl-4A, red seed coat genes Tamyb10-A1 and late flowering genes Vrn-A1, as well as high grain weight gene TaSus2-2Ba, disease resistance gene Lr37, low seed germination gene TaSdr-B1. The study showed that Kaimai1502 exhibitted considerable high-yield potential and wide adaptability in production. There were differences in the genetic contributions of the 2 parents to Kaimai1502, with the maternal parent Xuanmai05-2 having the highest genetic contribution rate. Kaimai1502 aggregated multiple excellent genes for major agronomic traits.更多还原