【摘要】 二氧化碳水合物固化封存作为一种新型深海固碳技术，具有稳定性好、封藏地点分布广泛、潜力巨大等优势。在总结前期室内理论研究成果的基础上，通过靶区精细评价、实验室针对性模拟、工程方案优化，中国海油于2025年在南海琼东南海域成功实施了全球首次深海二氧化碳水合物固化封存探索性海试，实现了“深海浅地层注入固化”与“深海海床表面海底碳矿封存”的双路径协同验证。本次海试攻克了超深水浅层砂质储层评价、浅软地层钻井建井、CO₂动态注入与水合物生成、原位监测等一系列技术难题，在水深1 700 m的超深水环境下，以单井10 t/h的高效注入速率，成功实现了液态CO₂的安全注入与原位固化，并首次完成了涵盖注入—运移—相态转变—固化封存全流程的多参数动态监测。结果表明，整个海试过程未发生CO₂泄漏，海底、海水参数均无异常。本次成功海试标志着中国在深海碳封存前沿技术领域率先实现了从原理探索到工程试验的跨越，为低成本大规模深海碳封存提供了新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a novel deep-sea carbon storage technology, carbon dioxide hydrate solidification storage has advantages such as good stability, wide distribution of storage sites, and huge potential. On the basis of summarizing previous laboratory theoretical research results, the world’s first exploratory sea trial on deepsea carbon dioxide hydrate solidification storage was successfully implemented in the Qiongdongnan area of the South China Sea in 2025 by China National Offshore Oil Corporation through refined target area evaluation, targeted laboratory simulation, and engineering scheme optimization, achieving the synergistic verification of dual pathways: “shallow deep-sea formation injection and solidification” and “deep-sea seabed-surface carbon ore storage”. A series of technical challenges were overcome in this sea trial, including evaluation of ultra-deepwater shallow sandy reservoirs, drilling and well construction in shallow soft formations, dynamic CO₂ injection and hydrate formation, and in-situ monitoring. Under an ultradeepwater environment with a water depth of 1 700 m, the safe injection and in-situ solidification of liquid CO₂ were successfully realized at an efficient single-well injection rate of 10 t/h, and the multi-parameter dynamic monitoring covering the whole process of injection, migration, phase transition, and solidification storage was completed for the first time. The results indicate that no CO₂ leakage occurs during the entire sea trial process, and the seabed and seawater parameters are all normal. This successful sea trial marks that China takes the lead in realizing the leap from principle exploration to exploratory sea trial in the frontier technology field of deepsea carbon storage, providing a new idea for low-cost and large-scale deep-sea carbon storage.更多还原