【摘要】 生态文明与美丽中国建设的战略部署,为中国风景园林事业的转型升级提供了宝贵契机。风景园林始终秉持人与自然和谐共生的核心理念,凭借生态与美学双轮驱动的独特优势,在服务国家多职能部门方面展现出广阔潜力。面对新时代复合型、高质量的建设需求,构建风景园林“学科-行业-职能”三维分析框架,通过系统评估各维度的发展现状,精准识别制约发展的关键问题。在此基础上,提出适应新形势的发展建议与行动指南,旨在推动风景园林实现全领域转型、全方位提升、全地域建设与全社会行动。通过理论深化与实践创新,强化风景园林作为美丽中国建设重要支撑力量的地位,进而为全球生态文明建设持续贡献中国智慧和中国方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the backdrop of China’s national strategy of ecological civilization and the construction of a "Beautiful China",landscape architecture is entering a critical stage of development and transformation.As a discipline and profession rooted in the principle of harmony between humans and nature,landscape architecture combines ecological sustainability with aesthetic creation,enabling it to play a unique role in national governance,urban-rural development,and the pursuit of a better life.This study adopts a three-dimensional analytical framework of "discipline-industry-function" to comprehensively assess the current state of landscape architecture,identify major challenges,and propose targeted development pathways.At the functional level,landscape architecture is positioned to make significant contributions in eight major domains:ecological protection and restoration,urban and rural planning,environmental management,disaster prevention and response,cultural and heritage conservation,landscape greening,infrastructure development,and policy and regulation.Its scope extends beyond traditional park and green space construction to embrace nature-based solutions,climate adaptation strategies,low-carbon transformation,and resilient territorial systems,thus aligning with the priorities of the national Beautiful China" agenda.At the industry level,big-data analysis of nearly 3,000 projects from top-rated firms,supplemented by practitioner surveys and in-depth interviews,reveals a transition from rapid expansion to high-quality development.While conventional businesses such as urban master planning and residential landscape design remain important,emerging areasincluding ecological restoration,urban renewal,inclusive spaces for children and the elderly,cultural tourism,and full life-cycle project management-are growing rapidly.The industry is shifting in five key dimensions:from expansion to optimization,from economic value to ecological and social value,from general services to targeted ones,from spatial construction to experiential innovation,and from single-phase services to full-cycle management.At the disciplinary level,drawing on comparative keyword analysis of academic journals,curriculum surveys,and expert questionnaire data,the findings show that domestic research remains concentrated on traditional topics,employing experience-based methods,while international scholarship emphasizes functional,data-driven,and interdisciplinary approaches.Undergraduate curricula display structural imbalances,with outdated emphases on conventional design or horticultural courses and insufficient coverage of emerging fields such as ecological planning,cultural heritage,and climate-responsive design.Experimental and internship training often remain basic,failing to provide students with a systematic project-level understanding.Moreover,professional competence goals lack a clear focus,hindering the cultivation of versatile talent aligned with national and industry needs.The study highlights three structural constraints:limited awareness of national demands and professional responsibility,institutional dependence on a single administrative department with insufficient cross-sector collaboration,and dual lags-where academic research trails behind industry practice,and both lag behind strategic national needs.These issues restrict the full realization of landscape architecture’s potential in the new era.To address these challenges,the paper proposes integrated strategies across the three dimensions.Functionally,the field must actively expand its scope and establish multi-departmental collaborations.Industrially,it should construct a business system centered on ecological security,livelihood needs,and innovation,while enhancing full-cycle management and technological integration.Disciplinarily,it should adopt a "core of ecology and aesthetics with multiple branches"approach,optimize teaching and research systems,strengthen evidence-based methodologies,and cultivate interdisciplinary talent with both international perspectives and local adaptability.Overall,the research advocates a holistic strategy of "comprehensive transformation,overall enhancement,nationwide implementation,and societal engagement",positioning landscape architecture as a vital supporting force for the Beautiful China initiative and as a contributor of Chinese wisdom and solutions to global ecological civilization.更多还原