【摘要】 为探究补骨脂酚对三代虫（Gyrodactylus）的杀灭效果及其对宿主金鱼（Carassius auratus）的毒性效应，本研究取感染三代虫的金鱼尾鳍组织于24孔板中，分别添加2 mg/L～8 mg/L补骨脂酚溶液处理4 h后检测三代虫虫体数，结果显示，7 mg/L补骨脂酚对三代虫4 h的杀灭率达100%，其4 h对三代虫的半数有效浓度(EC₅₀)为4.01 mg/L。进一步将健康金鱼置于33 mg/L～65 mg/L补骨脂酚溶液中浸泡96 h，统计死亡率并观察临床症状（急性毒性试验），结果显示，补骨脂酚对金鱼96 h的安全浓度为35 mg/L，半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)为45.66 mg/L，在≥55 mg/L的高浓度下24 h内金鱼死亡率超过50%，并伴随呼吸急促、黏液分泌增多等症状。为评估补骨脂酚对金鱼21 d内的毒性作用（亚慢性毒性试验），分别将补骨脂酚设置7 mg/L、21 mg/L和35 mg/L 3个浓度组，连续浸泡金鱼7 d后停药，观察至21 d时使用血液分析仪检测金鱼血液生理指标；分别在用药后7 d与21 d采用ELISA检测金鱼血清生化指标；同时制备各组金鱼的肝、肾和鳃组织切片，观察其病理学变化。结果显示，35 mg/L组金鱼在第5 d出现死亡，第7 d死亡率达到30%，且出现游动急促、浮头等症状，停药后行为逐步恢复正常，其他组金鱼均健活；35 mg/L组金鱼的血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量（MCH）及平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）均显著低于未用药物的对照组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，用药后第7 d时，21 mg/L组金鱼血清白蛋白（ALB）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和胆固醇（T-CHO）含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,35 mg/L组金鱼血清的AKP含量显著降低（P<0.05）,T-CHO含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;21 d时，7 mg/L组金鱼血清T-CHO含量极显著上升（P<0.01）,21 mg/L组金鱼血清的总蛋白（TP）与ALB含量均极显著上升（P<0.01）,35 mg/L组金鱼血清的TP含量显著上升（P<0.05）,ALB含量极显著上升（P<0.01）；组织病理切片观察发现，与对照组相比，35 mg/L组金鱼在第7 d出现肝细胞轻微肿胀、肾脏细胞排列拥挤、鳃丝肿胀、断裂、上皮水肿及黏液细胞增多，21 d时肝、肾结构基本恢复正常，鳃上皮与间质也显著恢复，但部分鳃丝仍可见断裂现象。7 mg/L组和21mg/L组金鱼上述结果均与对照组一致，各脏器均无明显病变。综上所述，补骨脂酚在7 mg/L浓度以下对三代虫具有良好的杀灭效果，且在21 mg/L浓度以下对金鱼无毒副作用。本研究为补骨脂酚应用于三代虫病防治提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the lethal effect of bakuchiol against Gyrodactylus and its toxicity to the host goldfish（Carassius auratus）, this study collected tail fin tissues of goldfish infected with Gyrodactylus and placed them in 24-well plates. The tissues were treated with 2 mg/L to 8 mg/L bakuchiol solutions for 4 hours, after which the number of Gyrodactylus individuals was counted.The results showed that 7 mg/L bakuchiol achieved a 100% lethal rate against Gyrodactylus within 4 hours, with a median effective concentration(EC₅₀) of 4.01 mg/L at 4 hours. Further, healthy goldfish were immersed in bakuchiol solutions at concentrations ranging from 33 mg/L to 65 mg/L for 96 hours. The 96 hours safe concentration was determined to be 35 mg/L, and the median lethal concentration(LC₅₀) was 45.66 mg/L. At high concentrations（≥ 55 mg/L）, the mortality rate of goldfish exceeded 50% within24 hours, accompanied by symptoms such as rapid breathing and increased mucus secretion. To evaluate 21-day subchronic toxicity,goldfish were exposed to bakuchiol at 7 mg/L, 21 mg/L, and 35 mg/L for 7 consecutive days, followed by a withdrawal period until day21. On day 21, blood samples were collected from three fish per group for hematological analysis. Serum biochemical parameters were measured by ELISA on days 7 and 21. Histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and gill tissues were also examined. The results showed that goldfish in the 35 mg/L group began to die on day 5, with a mortality rate reaching 30% by day 7, along with symptoms such as rapid swimming and surfacing; these behaviors gradually recovered after cessation of exposure. the hemoglobin（HGB）, mean corpuscular volume（MCV）, mean corpuscular hemoglobin（MCH）, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration（MCHC） were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, on day 7 posttreatment, the levels of albumin（ALB）, alkaline phosphatase（AKP）, and total cholesterol（T-CHO） were significantly decreased in the 21 mg/L group（P<0.05）, while in the 35 mg/L group, AKP was significantly reduced（P<0.05）, and T-CHO was extremely significantly reduced（P<0.01）. On day 21, the serum T-CHO level was significantly increased in the 7 mg/L group（P<0.01）, while total protein（TP） and ALB levels were extremely significantly elevated in the 21 mg/L group（P<0.01）, and TP was significantly increased（P<0.05）, and ALB extremely significantly increased（P<0.01） in the 35 mg/L group. Histopathological observation showed that, compared with the control, goldfish in the 35 mg/L group on day 7 exhibited mild hepatocyte swelling, crowded renal cells, gill filament swelling, rupture, epithelial edema, and increased mucus cells. On day 21, hepatic and renal structures had largely returned to normal, and gill epithelium and interstitial tissue showed significant recovery, although some gill filament breakage was still observed. The above results for goldfish in the 7 mg/L and 21 mg/L groups of goldfish were consistent with those of the control group.In conclusion, bakuchiol at a concentration of 7 mg/L exhibits strong anthelmintic efficacy against Gyrodactylus with high safety for goldfish, showing no toxic effects at concentrations up to 21 mg/L. This study provides a reference for the potential application of bakuchiol in the control of gyrodactylosis.更多还原