【摘要】 目的：测算比较中国和OECD国家的医疗卫生体系效率，并分析其影响因素，揭示中国医疗卫生体系效率的表现特征及潜在改进空间。方法：描述分析2009—2022年中国与OECD国家医疗卫生体系投入与产出情况，运用标准DEA方法和DEA-Malmquist指数法对体系效率分别进行静态和动态测算比较，并进一步建立固定效应模型回归分析影响DEA效率因素。结果：大多数OECD国家人均卫生投入较高、人均期望寿命较高；DEA测算结果反映各国在医疗卫生体系效率方面差异较大，对中国而言，技术进步对生产率提升起到关键作用；回归结果显示政府卫生支出对DEA效率有显著正向影响。结论：与OECD国家相比，中国医疗卫生体系效率以“低投入、高负荷”实现高效运转，但其可持续性正面临巨大考验。建议进一步落实并优化政府卫生投入，积极应对人口老龄化，注重信息化、数字化、智能化驱力，推动中国医疗卫生体系向“可持续、高质量”发展转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To measure and compare the efficiency of healthcare systems between China and OECD countries, analyze the influencing factors, and identify the performance characteristics and potential areas for improvement of China’s healthcare system efficiency. Methods: Descriptive analyses were first conducted to examine healthcare system inputs and outputs in China and OECD countries from 2009 to 2022. Standard data envelopment analysis(DEA) and the DEA-Malmquist index method were then applied to conduct static and dynamic efficiency assessments. A fixed-effects regression model was further employed to examine the determinants of DEA efficiency.Results: Most OECD countries exhibited higher per capita health expenditure and higher life expectancy. The DEA results indicated substantial cross-country differences in healthcare system efficiency, with technological progress playing a critical role in productivity improvement for China. Regression analysis showed that government health expenditure had a significantly positive impact on DEA efficiency. Conclusion: In comparison to OECD countries, China’s healthcare system achieves high efficiency characterized by "low input and high workload"; however, the sustainability of this efficiency pattern faces considerable challenges. It is recommended to further strengthen and optimize government health expenditure, proactively address population aging, and emphasize the driving role of informatization, digitalization, and intelligent technologies, so as to promote the transformation of China’s healthcare system toward sustainable and high-quality development.更多还原