【摘要】 “十四五”时期，我国天然橡胶产业发展总体平稳，种植面积略有减少，2023—2025年产量连续创历史新高，产能利用率得到提升；橡胶树育种创新由“引种为主”跨入“自主育种时代”，组培苗实现规模化生产，产排胶机理更加明晰，轻简化生态化栽培和采胶技术装备降成本、增效益，特种天然橡胶生产技术实现“0”到“1”的突破。在新形势下，种植面积减少、产能下降的趋势未得到扭转，亟待进一步提升科技支撑能力。“十五五”时期，要着力建立更高效的育种体系，推动种苗高效生产，明晰天然橡胶生物合成路径，升级生态化高效栽培技术，研制农机农艺融合的采收技术与装备，促进初加工绿色转型和特种天然橡胶产业化，加快橡胶草栽培化进程，以全产业链科技创新效能提升服务产业高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the 14 th Five-Year Plan period(2021–2025), China’s natural rubber industry maintained overall stability, albeit with a modest decline in planted area. From 2023 to 2025, domestic production consistently reached successive historical highs, and capacity utilization improved steadily. Rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis) breeding has shifted from reliance on introduced germplasm to independent breeding, with tissue-cultured seedlings achieving large-scale production. Progress in fundamental research has further clarified the mechanisms of latex biosynthesis and exudation. Meanwhile, simplified and eco-friendly cultivation and tapping technologies, along with improved equipment, have reduced production costs and enhanced economic efficiency. Moreover, breakthrough progress was achieved in the production technology for specialty natural rubber, transitioning from initial exploration("zero") to practical application("one"). However, the ongoing trends of declining planting area and diminishing production capacity remain unmitigated, highlighting the urgent need to further enhance scientific and technological support capabilities. During the 15 th Five-Year Plan period(2026–2030), priority efforts should be given to establishing more efficient breeding systems, advancing efficient seedling production, elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of natural rubber, upgrading ecological and resource-efficient cultivation techniques, developing integrated agronomy–mechanization harvesting technologies and equipment, promoting green transformation of primary processing and industrialization of specialty natural rubber, and expediting the domestication and cultivation of Russian dandelion(Taraxacum kok-saghyz). Collectively, these initiatives will bolster the scientific and technological innovation throughout the entire industrial chain, thereby advancing the high-quality development of the natural rubber industry.更多还原