【摘要】 “十五五”时期是深入推进数字中国建设，提升数智化发展水平的关键时期。在全球AI人才竞争格局加速演变的背景下，如何在“十五五”时期构建中国AI人才国际比较优势，已成为关乎国家竞争力的关键议题。当前，全球AI人才竞争呈现“中美双强并立、人才高度集中”的基本态势。中国在AI人才规模上具有显著优势，并初步形成多主体协同的人才发展体系，但在国际比较中仍面临数质协同不足、研用融合不畅及高端人才流失等突出矛盾，还需应对美国主导的全球AI人才竞争战略的挑战。在实践层面，中国已在高校人才培养创新模式探索、企业人才创新生态营造、校企协同开源生态建构等方面形成一系列典型案例。面向“十五五”时期更加激烈的AI人才竞争态势，应从提升人才政策效度、完善创新教育生态、构建智能人才支撑体系及推进政府治理现代化等方面发力，打造“引得回、留得住、用得好”的高水平人才生态，推动人才规模优势向质量优势转化，形成具有全球竞争力的AI人才比较优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The “15th Five-Year Plan” period represents a critical stage for advancing the Digital China strategy and enhancing the level of intelligent and digital development. Against the backdrop of an accelerating transformation in the global competition for artificial intelligence(AI) talent, the question of how China can cultivate a comparative advantage in AI talent during this period has become a key issue closely linked to national competitiveness. At present, the global AI talent landscape is characterized by a dual dominance of China and the United States, accompanied by a high degree of talent concentration. China possesses a significant advantage in the scale of AI talent and has initially formed a multi-actor collaborative talent development system. However, from a comparative international perspective, it still faces several prominent challenges, including insufficient coordination between quantity and quality, weak integration between research and application, and the outflow of high-end talent. Meanwhile, China must also respond to the global AI talent competition strategies led by the United States. At the practical level, China has developed a series of representative approaches in areas such as innovative talent cultivation in higher education, enterprise-driven talent ecosystem building, and university–industry collaboration through open-source ecosystems. Looking ahead to the more intense AI talent competition during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, China should focus on improving the effectiveness of talent policies, optimizing the innovation-oriented education ecosystem, building an intelligent talent support system, and advancing the modernization of government governance. By doing so, it can foster a high-quality talent ecosystem characterized by the ability to attract, retain, and effectively utilize talent, thereby transforming its advantage in scale into an advantage in quality and ultimately establishing a globally competitive comparative advantage in AI talent.更多还原