【摘要】 作物产量和品质形成是品种、气象、土壤和技术措施等因素共同作用的结果。特定品种、土壤与技术条件下，作物产量和品质主要由气象条件的满足程度决定，建立气象条件与产量、品质之间的物理学联系对指导作物生产具有重要意义。本研究在界定作物气象质量内涵的基础上，探究作物气象质量的形成原理，提出作物气象质量评价方法，并开展案例分析。结果表明：作物气象质量是指某个或多个气象要素组合的气象条件满足作物生产需要的程度，是对作物产量水平或品质特性的综合反映；不同作物的产量与品质要求的气象质量不同，不同气象质量下形成的作物产量与品质也不同，可通过管理技术措施在一定范围内调控。作物气象质量具有时间动态性、空间异质性、相对稳定性和波动性、人为可调控性等特征。通过构建作物气象质量指数，综合评价气象条件对作物生产的满足程度，进而对气象质量进行评价。以福建安溪铁观音春茶为例，构建春茶气象质量评价指数，以2011年、2012年、2019年和2020年主产区12个茶园为例，其平均气象质量指数分别为1.59、1.68、2.60和2.68，分别属良、良、特优和特优等级，该结果与茶叶气象质量年度调研结果吻合。该研究对深化气象条件认识、促进农业增产提质增效具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crop yields and quality are the result of a combination effect of multiple factors such as variety, meteorology, soil and technical measures. In particular varieties, soil and technical conditions, the yield and quality of crops are mainly determined by the degree to which meteorological conditions are met. Establishing a physical link between meteorological conditions and yield and quality is important for guiding crop production. Based on the definition of crop meteorological quality, this paper explored the formation principle of crop meteorological quality, proposes evaluation methods to evaluate crop meteorological quality, and conduct case studies. The results showed that the meteorological quality of crops referred to the extent to which meteorological conditions(a combination of one or more meteorological elements) meet the production requirements of crops, and it was a comprehensive reflection of the yield level or quality characteristics of crops. Meteorological quality requirements for different crops and different yields and qualities were varied. The yields and qualities of crops formed under different meteorological qualities were also different. People could regulate the meteorological quality of crops within a certain range through technical measures. Crop meteorological quality had multi-dimensional characteristics such as temporal dynamics, spatial heterogeneity, relative stability and volatility and human controllability. The meteorological quality could be evaluated by constructing a crop meteorological quality index to comprehensively assess the degree to which meteorological conditions meet crop production. Taking the spring tea of Tieguanyin in Anxi, Fujian province as an example, the meteorological quality index for spring tea was constructed. Tea meteorological quality evaluation was carried out in typical years of 2011, 2012, 2019 and 2020, the average meteorological quality index of the 12 sampling points were 1.59, 1.68, 2.60 and 2.68 respectively. They respectively belong to the grades of well, well, excellent and excellent. The results were consistent with the previous annual survey on the meteorological quality of tea. This research is instructive for deepening the understanding of meteorological conditions and promoting agricultural production increase, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement.更多还原