【摘要】 突破关键核心技术中的“卡脖子”环节，对保障国家产业安全、推动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。面对部分西方国家挑起的“高科技冷战”,中国亟须精准识别“卡脖子”技术清单，区分“轻重缓急”,优化科技资源与社会资源配置，以实现关键核心技术的自主可控，助力现代化产业体系构建。本文基于“卡脖子”技术的内涵特征，构建“卡脖子”技术“关键核心性—技术短板性—高度垄断性—难以攻克性”的四维递进式识别模型，采用复杂网络分析法识别技术体系中各技术间的关联关系，突出“卡脖子”技术在技术体系中的核心主体地位，并结合指标构建法保障识别结果的准确性和可操作性。本文以电子核心产业为实证对象，识别出印刷电路、半导体或其他固态器件的零部件、电子开关或选通等10项“卡脖子”技术问题清单。本研究的识别方法弥补了现有研究偏重指标体系构建法的不足，区分了技术瓶颈的严重程度，有助于引导创新资源高效配置，为中国实现高水平科技自立自强提供决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accurately identifying the list of “bottleneck”technologies, distinguishing their relative urgency and severity, and optimizing the allocation of scientific, technological, and societal resources are of great significance for achieving independent and controllable development of China’s critical and core technologies, and for building a modernized industrial system.Grounded in the characteristics of “bottleneck”technologies, this study develops a four-dimensional progressive model based on criticality, technological weakness, monopoly intensity, and difficulty.By applying complex network analysis, the model captures the interrelationships among technologies within the technological system, highlighting the central role of bottleneck technologies.Furthermore, the incorporation of an indicator-based construction method ensures the accuracy and practical operability of the identification results.Based on granted invention patents in the core electronics industry, eight severe and two potential “bottleneck”technologies were identified.The results correspond with international competitiveness priorities in the sector, confirming the validity and reliability of the proposed four-dimensional identification model.更多还原