【摘要】 目的 探讨住院儿童人副流感病毒(HPIVs)感染的流行病学及临床特征。方法 回顾性分析长春市儿童医院2023年9月—2024年8月9 838例住院患儿，应用tNGS方法检测95种病原的3 979例病毒病原阳性中HPIVs核酸阳性病例的性别、年龄、季节分布、临床诊断及表现。结果 住院儿童HPIVs阳性检出率10.15%,占病毒病原的25.11%;HPIV-1、HPIV-2、HPIV-3及HPIV-4阳性检出率分别为：1.77%、2.88%、5.04%及0.47%。季节分布：HPIVs感染高峰为夏季；HPIV-1和HPIV-2夏季高发，HPIV-3和HPIV-4春季高发。年龄分布：高发年龄13～36月龄(44.94%),HPIV-1、HPIV-2与HPIV-3阳性病例年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床特征：诊断：97.79%为呼吸道感染，其中下呼吸道感染占82.68%,HPIV-2感染与急性喉炎显著相关(OR=4.56)。症状：发热、咳嗽为主；HPIV-2阳性易现犬吠样咳及声嘶(OR=6.79)。结论 HPIVs是儿童病毒感染的主要病原，夏季高发，不同型别临床表现差异显著，HPIV-2易致喉炎，HPIV-3多导致肺炎。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized cases of human parainfluenza viruses(HPIVs) infection in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 9 838 hospitalized children in Changchun Children’s Hospital from September 2023 to August 2024.The gender, age, seasonal distribution, clinical diagnosis and manifestations of HPIVs nucleic acid positive cases among 3 979 viral pathogen positive cases of 95 pathogens detected by tNGS method were investigated.Results The positive detection rate of HPIVs in hospitalized children was 10.15%, accounting for 25.11% of the viral pathogens.The positive detection rates of HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3 and HPIV-4 were 1.77%, 2.88%, 5.04% and 0.47% respectively.Seasonal distribution: The peak of HPIVs infection is in summer.HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 have a high incidence in summer, while HPIV-3 and HPIV-4 have a high incidence in spring.Age distribution: The high-incidence age was 13-36 months(44.94%), and there was a significant age difference among positive cases of HPIV-1, HPIV-2 and HPIV-3(P<0.05).Clinical features: Diagnosis: 97.79% were respiratory tract infections, among which lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 82.68%.HPIV-2 infection was significantly associated with acute laryngitis(OR=4.56).Symptoms: Fever and cough are the main symptoms.Positive HPIV-2 is prone to present with barking cough and hoarseness(OR=6.79).Conclusion HPIVs are the main pathogen of viral infection in children, with a high incidence in summer.The clinical manifestations of different types vary significantly.HPIV-2 is prone to cause laryngitis, while HPIV-3 mostly leads to pneumonia.更多还原