【摘要】 目的 分析厦门市暑期入园健康检查儿童超重肥胖的变化趋势，为制定新生入园后的营养管理方案指明方向，为政府制定相关卫生决策与健康干预提供科学依据。方法 选取2018—2024年厦门市暑期批量入园健康检查的儿童230 219名，其中男童125 202名，女童105 017名。采用WHO 2006年生长标准，应用WHO推荐的0～7岁儿童营养状况筛查方法，分别比较不同年份、不同性别儿童的超重肥胖情况。结果 2018—2024年儿童总体超重检出率依次为6.64%、6.98%、8.64%、6.60%、6.68%、6.32%、6.63%,呈明显的先上升再下降趋势(趋势χ~2=25.869,P<0.05),总体肥胖检出率依次为2.13%、2.06%、3.41%、2.37%、2.08%、2.47%、2.44%,趋势χ~2检验显示差异无统计学意义(趋势χ~2=0.000,P>0.05),总体超重肥胖检出率依次为8.77%、9.04%、12.05%、8.97%、8.76%、8.79%、9.07%,呈明显的先上升再下降趋势(趋势χ~2=19.704,P<0.05)。2018—2023年男童超重检出率与2018—2024年男童肥胖检出率均高于女童(均P<0.05)。结论 厦门市暑期批量入园健康检查的儿童超重检出率、肥胖检出率在2020年高于全国数据；除此之外的其他年份，超重检出率与全国数据相似、但是低于其他城市(如莆田市、中山市、济南市等)数据，肥胖检出率均低于全国数据、也低于其他城市数据。男童比女童更易出现超重肥胖倾向，并且男童中-重度肥胖检出率约为同年份女童的1.5～3倍，需警惕长期健康风险。防治超重肥胖仍是未来学龄前期儿童保健的工作重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the change trend of overweight/obesity among children in summer pre-kindergarten health screening in Xiamen City, so as to guide nutritional management strategies for new entrants and provide scientific evidence for public health policy-making and interventions.Methods A total of 230 219 children(125 202 boys and 105 017 girls) in summer pre-kindergarten health screening in Xiamen City from 2018 to 2024 were selected.Adopting 2006 WHO reference standard and applying the screening method for the nutritional status of children aged 0-7 recommended by WHO, the detection rates of overweight/obesity were compared stratified by year and gender.Results From 2018 to 2024, the detection rates of overall overweight were 6.64%, 6.98%, 8.64%, 6.60%, 6.68%, 6.32%, and 6.63%, respectively, exhibiting a significant inverted "V"-shaped trend [Mantel-Haenszel χ~2 test for linear trend(MH χ~2)=25.869, P<0.05], the detection rates of overall obesity were 2.13%, 2.06%, 3.41%, 2.37%, 2.08%, 2.47%, and 2.44%, respectively, MH χ~2 did not show statistically significant(MH χ~2=0.000, P>0.05), the detection rates of overall overweight/obesity were 8.77%, 9.04%, 12.05%, 8.97%, 8.76%, 8.79%, and 9.07%, respectively, exhibiting a significant inverted "V"-shaped trend(MH χ~2=19.704, P<0.05).The detection rates of overweight among boys from 2018 to 2023 and the detection rates of obesity among boys from 2018 to 2024 were higher than those among girls(all P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rates of overweight and obesity among children in summer pre-kindergarten health screening in Xiamen City were higher than the national data in 2020.In the other years, the detection rates of overweight were similar to the national data, but they were lower than those of other cities(such as Putian City, Zhongshan City, Ji’nan City, and so on), and the detection rates of obesity were also lower than the national data and those of other cities.Boys were more prone to overweight and obesity than girls, and the detection rate of moderate to severe obesity in boys was approximately 1.5-3 times that of girls in the same year.Long-term health risks need to be taken seriously.Preventing and treating overweight and obesity will remain a key focus of health care for preschool children in the future.更多还原