【摘要】 目的 分析支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)靶向高通量测序(tNGS)在儿童肺炎病原学中的应用。方法 选取2020年12月—2023年9月江门市妇幼保健院收治的300例肺炎并行支气管镜检查的患儿为研究对象，将患儿的BALF标本同时进行tNGS、BALF培养、经支气管镜防污染采样刷检培养及痰培养。分析tNGS与传统病原学检查方法的病原体检出阳性率和病原体检出情况。结果 tNGS组患儿检出阳性率(97.0%)明显高于BALF培养(30.0%)、经支气管镜防污染采样刷检培养(61.3%)及痰培养(22.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=418.123,P<0.05)。tNGS检出细菌、病毒、真菌及特殊病原体共37种(780株),其中细菌58.6%、病毒28.1%、真菌4.0%及特殊病原体9.3%。结论 tNGS技术在肺炎患儿BALF样本中获得了较高的病原体检出阳性率和检出株数，可以作为病原学检测的重要互补性检测方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the application of targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) in the etiology of pediatric pneumonia.Methods The study involved the selection of 300 pediatric patients admitted to the Jiangmen City Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2020 and September 2023, all of whom underwent bronchoscopy as part of their pneumonia treatment.BALF specimens from these patients were simultaneously tested by tNGS, BALF, anti-pollution sampling and brushing by bronchoscope, and sputum culture.Then compared pathogen detection rates and identification results between tNGS and traditional microbiological tests.Results The pathogen identification rate of tNGS group(97.0%) was significantly higher than that of BALF(30.0%), anti-pollution sampling and brushing by bronchoscope(61.3%), and sputum culture( 22.3%), which demonstrated statistically superior outperformed(χ~2=418.123,P<0.05). Additionally, tNGS identified 37 types of microorganisms(780 strains), 58.6% bacteria, 28.1% viruses, 4.0% fungi and 9.3% special pathogens.Conclusion The tNGS technology has shown a high positivity rate and detected more strains in BALF samples from children with pneumonia, making it a valuable complement for pathogen detection.更多还原