【摘要】 引水隧洞钻爆施工可能危及临近供水管。为评估和控制爆破振动负面效应，首先对现场爆破施工激发的振动波进行了监测分析。其次使用有限元软件建立数值计算模型，探究了供水管轴向和危险截面上峰值振速、峰值等效应力传播演化特征，构建了引水隧洞下穿供水管爆破施工振动安全判据。最后对实测峰值振速分布形式进行假设检验，推算了考虑概率的安全药量。结果表明，供水管内爆破振动强度随比例距离增大而降低。三个方向中，垂向振动的强度最大、衰减速率最快、传播方向性最清晰，且垂向振动能量分布的频率范围更集中。管壁上爆破振动能量主要集中在中高频，在低频和高频能量累积较少。沿着供水管轴向，X方向各测点振动强度先增大后减小，Y、Z两方向振幅持续衰减。在危险截面上，供水管迎爆侧振动强度显著大于背爆侧，最低点振动最剧烈但峰值等效应力较小。水对供水管管壁振动有阻尼作用，水位越高减振越明显。振动波在花岗岩中传播时的能量衰减快于在凝灰岩中传播，Y方向振动对围岩的变化更为敏感。根据峰值合振速和峰值等效应力之间的关系，计算得出供水管振速安全阈值为9.24 cm/s。分布假设检验结果显示，现场爆破振动峰值振速的分布形式更加贴合t分布。基于t分布对安全段药量计算公式进行了改进，使用考虑概率的改进公式推算安全药量提升了爆破振动控制的可靠度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The drilling and blasting construction of a water diversion tunnel may endanger adjacent water supply pipelines. To assess and control the adverse effects of blast-induced vibrations, monitoring and analysis of vibration waves generated during tunnel blasting were conducted firstly. Subsequently, a finite element model was established to investigate the propagation characteristics of peak particle velocity(PPV) and peak equivalent stress along the pipeline axis and critical cross-sections, enabling the development of safety criteria for blasting vibrations during tunnel construction beneath water pipelines. Finally, hypothesis testing was performed on the distribution pattern of measured PPV values, leading to the calculation of safe charge weights considering probabilistic approaches. The results indicate that vibration intensity inside the pipeline decreases with increasing scaled distance. Among the three directional components, vertical vibrations exhibit the highest intensity, fastest attenuation rate, clearest directivity, and more concentrated frequency distribution. The vibration energy on the pipe wall is primarily concentrated in the medium-to-high frequency range, with minimal energy accumulation at low and high frequencies. Along the pipeline axis, the vibration intensity in the X-direction initially increases and then decreases, while the Y and Z-directions show continuous attenuation. At critical cross-sections, the vibration intensity on the blast-facing side significantly exceeds that on the opposite side, with the lowest point experiencing the strongest vibrations but relatively lower peak equivalent stress. Water exerts a damping effect on pipe wall vibrations, with higher water levels providing more substantial vibration reduction. Energy attenuation of vibration waves propagates faster in granite than in tuff, with Y-direction vibrations being more sensitive to surrounding rock variations. Based on the relationship between peak resultant velocity and peak equivalent stress, the safety threshold for water pipeline vibration was determined as 9.24 cm/s. Distribution hypothesis testing revealed that the field-measured PPV values better fit a t-distribution pattern. The safety charge calculation formula was improved based on the t-distribution, and the enhanced probabilistic approach significantly increased the reliability of blast vibration control.更多还原