【摘要】 突发事件网络舆情治理效能具有多因素交互的复杂特征。基于协同治理与信息生态系统理论构建“主体—信息—环境”分析框架，采用模糊集定性比较分析方法，选取2019—2024年32个突发事件网络舆情典型案例进行组态效应分析。研究发现单一主体或要素不构成治理效能的必要条件，网民关注度、媒体参与度、政府参与度、意见领袖影响力等变量需通过协同组合发挥作用。并识别出三类提升治理效能的路径模式：信息环境自愈型依赖舆情传播速度自然衰减与网民自组织行为，网民驱动型以高网民关注度为核心，多主体协同参与型通过政府主导、媒介传导、意见领袖引领与公众响应的四维联动实现高效治理。研究揭示政府参与度缺失、舆情传播速度失控及事件类型敏感性不足是导致低效治理的关键瓶颈，验证了治理效能生成的非线性特征与情境依赖性，为差异化治理策略设计提供了理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The governance effectiveness of online public opinion in emergency incidents exhibits complex characteristics resulting from the interaction of multiple factors. Based on the theories of collaborative governance and information ecology, an “agent-information-environment” analysis framework was constructed, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method was employed to conduct configurational effect research on 32 typical cases of online public opinion in emergency incidents. The study found that a single agent or element is not a necessary condition for governance effectiveness. Variables such as public attention, media participation, government participation, and the influence of opinion leaders need to function through a collaborative combination. Three types of paths for enhancing governance effectiveness were identified: the information environment self-healing type relies on the natural decay of public opinion dissemination speed and the self-organization behavior of netizens; the netizen-driven type centers on high public attention; and the multi-agent collaborative participation type achieves efficient governance through the four-dimensional linkage of government leadership, media transmission, opinion leader guidance, and public response. The study revealed that the absence of government participation, the uncontrolled dissemination speed of public opinion, and insufficient sensitivity of the event type are the key bottlenecks leading to inefficient governance. It verified the nonlinear characteristics and context dependence of governance effectiveness generation, providing a theoretical basis for the design of differentiated governance strategies.更多还原