【摘要】 目的 分析妊娠期碘营养状况对孕妇甲状腺功能的影响。方法 研究对象为吉林省妇幼保健院门诊孕检的150例妊娠期妇女，纳入时间为2024年10月至2025年10月，根据不同尿碘水平分为正常尿碘组（n=90例）、低尿碘组（n=30）和高尿碘组（n=30）。收集空腹晨尿测定尿碘浓度（UIC），采集静脉血检测甲状腺功能指标，同时，使用自行设计的饮食频率问卷评估孕妇碘摄入来源。比较3组孕妇甲状腺功能，分析UIC与母体促甲状腺素（TSH）水平、孕妇饮食结构的相关性。追踪妊娠结局。结果 食用海产品频率从高到低依次是高尿碘组、正常尿碘组、低尿碘组，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），其余一般资料指标比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;TSH水平从高到低依次是低尿碘组、高尿碘组、正常尿碘组，FT₄水平从高到低依次是正常尿碘组、高尿碘组、低尿碘组（P<0.05），其余甲状腺功能指标水平比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;UIC与TSH水平、食用海产品频率呈显著正相关性（P<0.05）；胎儿生长受限发生率从高到低依次是低尿碘组、正常尿碘组、高尿碘组（P<0.05）。结论 妊娠期碘缺乏或过量均可影响甲状腺功能，并与不良妊娠结局相关。孕妇UIC与TSH升高、FT₄降低密切相关，合理碘营养对维持妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能稳态至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Analyze the impact of iodine nutritional status during pregnancy on thyroid function in pregnant women. Methods The study subjects were 150 pregnant women who underwent prenatal check-ups at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jilin Province. The inclusion period was from October 2024 to October 2025. According to different urine iodine levels, they were divided into the normal urine iodine group（n=90）, the low urine iodine group（n=30）, and the high urine iodine group（n=30）. Fasting morning urine was collected to measure the iodine concentration and thyroid function indicators, and the iodine intake sources were also evaluated. The thyroid functions of the three groups of pregnant women were compared, and the correlations between UIC, maternal thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and the pregnant women’s dietary structure were analyzed. The pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results The frequency of consuming seafood from high to low was the high-iodine urine group, the normal-iodine urine group, and the low-iodine urine group. There were significant differences among the groups（P<0.05）. The comparison results of the other general data indicators were similar（P>0.05）. The TSH level from high to low was the low urinary iodine group, the high urinary iodine group, and the normal urinary iodine group, and the FT₄ level from high to low was the normal urinary iodine group, the high urinary iodine group, and the low urinary iodine group（P<0.05）, and there were no statistically significant differences in other thyroid function indicators（P>0.05）. Urinary iodine concentration was significantly positively correlated with TSH level and the frequency of consuming seafood（P<0.05）. The incidence of fetal growth restriction from highest to lowest was the low urinary iodine group, the normal urinary iodine group, and the high urinary iodine group（P<0.05）. Conclusions Both iodine deficiency and excess during pregnancy can affect thyroid function and are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The urinary iodine concentration of pregnant women is closely related to elevated TSH and decreased FT₄. Reasonable iodine nutrition is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of thyroid function in pregnant women.更多还原