【摘要】 该文介绍了世界卫生组织《实验室生物安全手册》第4版提出的实验室生物安全管理的新理念。新版手册强调，实验室生物安全应建立在彻底、透明且循证的风险评估基础之上，并以“核心要求”“加强控制”“最高防护”3类控制措施取代传统的四级生物安全等级体系（BSL1至BSL4）。对新版手册中的风险评估框架进行了梳理，发现其不仅有助于降低实验室建设与运行的成本与能耗，也为各国根据自身经济发展水平制定适宜的生物安全政策提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fourth edition of the World Health Organization’s(WHO) Laboratory Biosafety Manual proposes new concepts for laboratory biosafety management. The updated manual emphasizes that laboratory biosafety should be based on thorough, transparent, and evidence-based risk assessments, replacing the traditional four-level biosafety classification system(BSL1 to BSL4) with three categories of control measures: "Core Requirements" "Enhanced Controls" and "Maximum Protection." This article reviews the new risk-oriented framework. It is found that the updated risk assessment framework not only helps reduce the costs and energy consumption of laboratory construction and operation, but also provides a basis for countries to formulate appropriate biosafety policies according to their own economic development levels.更多还原