【摘要】 目的 探讨水葱根茎提取液对水负荷模型大鼠的利尿作用。方法 将SD大鼠分为模型组（等体积蒸馏水）、氢氯噻嗪组（9 mg/kg）和水葱水提液低（Ⅰ）、中、高剂量组（8月采收水葱，2.5 g/kg、12.5 g/kg、25.0 g/kg），水提液低（Ⅱ）剂量组、醇提液低剂量组（1月采收水葱）、水总提液组、水洗脱液组、20%醇洗脱液组和95%醇洗脱液组（8月采收水葱）；灌胃相应药液或蒸馏水，每天1次，连续7 d，末次给药前30 min以20 mL/kg灌胃生理盐水复制水负荷大鼠模型。检测末次给药后2 h、4 h、6 h的尿量、尿液pH和尿电解质水平（Na~+、Cl~-、K~+），并检测肾功能指标（尿素氮、肌酐）和糖脂代谢指标（甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖）。结果 与模型组比较，氢氯噻嗪组大鼠末次给药后2 h的尿量，2 h、4 h、6 h的尿液Na~+、Cl~-水平，2 h、4 h的尿液K~+水平，水提液低（Ⅰ）剂量组大鼠2 h、4 h、6 h的尿量及尿液Na~+、Cl~-、K~+水平，水提液高剂量组大鼠2 h、6 h的尿量、6 h的尿液pH，以水提液中、高剂量组大鼠2 h、4 h、6 h的尿液Na~+、Cl~-水平和2 h、4 h的尿液K~+水平均显著升高（P<0.05）；氢氯噻嗪组和水提液低（Ⅰ）、中、高剂量组大鼠肾功能指标和糖脂代谢指标均无显著改变（P > 0.05）。与模型组比较，水提液低（Ⅱ）剂量组大鼠末次给药后2 h、4 h、6 h的尿量显著增加（P<0.05），醇提液低剂量组大鼠尿量无显著改变（P > 0.05）；水总提液组和20%醇洗脱液组大鼠4 h、6 h的尿量均显著增加（P<0.05）。结论 2.5 g/kg剂量下，水葱水提液对水负荷模型大鼠具有明显的利尿作用，且对大鼠的肾功能和糖脂代谢无明显影响；水葱水提液的利尿效果优于醇提液；水葱根茎水提液20%醇洗脱部位具有较好的利尿活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the diuretic effect of Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani rhizomes extract on water-loaded model rats.Methods SD rats were divided into the model group(equal volume of distilled water),the hydrochlorothiazide group(9 mg/kg),the low-（Ⅰ）,medium-and high-dose groups of water extract(Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani collected in August,2. 5,12. 5,25. 0 g/kg),the low-dose （Ⅱ） group of water extract,low-dose group of ethanol extract(Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani collected in January),the total water extract group,the water eluate group,the 20% ethanol eluate group,and the 95% ethanol eluate group(Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani collected in August). The corresponding drug solutions or distilled water were administered by gavage once daily for seven days,consecutively. 30 minutes before the final administration,gavage administration of 20 mL/kg normal saline was used to replicate the water-loaded rat models. Urine volume,urine pH,and urinary electrolyte levels(Na~+,Cl~-,K~+) were measured at 2 h,4 h,and 6 h after the final administration. Renal function indicators(urea nitrogen,creatinine) and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators(triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,glucose) were also measured.Results Compared with the model group,the urine volume at 2 h after the final administration,urinary Na~+ and Cl~- levels at 2 h,4 h,and 6 h,and urinary K~+ level at 2 h and 4 h in the hydrochlorothiazide group,the urine volume and urinary Na~+,Cl~-,and K~+ levels at 2 h,4 h,and 6 h in the low-dose （Ⅰ）water extract group,the urine volume at 2 h and 6 h,and urine pH at 6 h in the high-dose water extract group,the urinary Na~+and Cl~- levels at 2 h,4 h,and 6 h and the urinary K~+ levels at 2 h,4 h in the medium-and high-dose water extract groups were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). There were no significant changes of the renal function or glucose and lipid metabolism indicators in the hydrochlorothiazide group or the low-（Ⅰ）,medium-and high-dose water extract groups(P > 0. 05).Compared with the model group,the urine volume at 2 h,4 h,and 6 h after the final administration in the low-dose （Ⅱ） water extract group significantly increased(P < 0. 05),while there was no significant change of the urine volume in the low-dose ethanol extract group(P > 0. 05). The urine volume at 4 h and 6 h in the total water extract group and the 20% ethanol eluate group were significantly increased(P < 0. 05).Conclusion At a dose of 2. 5 g/kg,the water extract of Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani exerts a significant diuretic effect on water-loaded model rats without obvious effects on renal function or glucose and lipid metabolism. The water extract shows superior diuretic activity compared to the ethanol extract. The 20% ethanol eluate fraction of the Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani rhizomes water extract possesses favorable diuretic activity.更多还原