【摘要】 目的 通过对2023年10月青海省西宁市1例重症皮肤炭疽病例的现场调查和处置，探讨有效的防控措施，为今后发生类似事件的处置工作提供借鉴。方法 2023年10月17日省、市、区联合调查组对医院上报的疑似肺炭疽病例进行现场流行病学调查，包括流行病学史及特点、临床特征、传染源调查处置、可疑病例及密切接触者追踪管理、采样、现场消杀、健康宣传教育、实验室检测、防控措施。结果 此次事件的传染源为病死牛，病例因解剖感染炭疽芽孢杆菌的自毙牛而引起重症皮肤炭疽。此次事件共报告1例重症皮肤炭疽病例，共同暴露者3人，密切接触者25人，病例经过治疗后痊愈出院；病死牛皮毛、肉和渗出血样标本炭疽芽孢杆菌镜检阳性，病例敷料提取渗出液标本、羊来村草场土壤标本检出炭疽芽孢杆菌核酸阳性，对病死牛残存肢体焚烧深埋。结论 接触感染炭疽芽孢杆菌的动物可致重症皮肤炭疽，动物疫情控制是防控人间炭疽的关键，应多部门联合调查，快速有效地控制人兽共患病疫情。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore effective prevention and control measures through field investigation and disposal of a case of severe cutaneous anthrax in Xining City of Qinghai Province in October 2023 and to provide a reference for disposal works of similar incidents in the future.Methods On October 17,2023,a joint investigation team from the province, city and district conducted an field epidemiological investigation on suspected cases of pulmonary anthrax reported by the hospital, including epidemiological history and characteristics, clinical features, investigation and disposal of sources of infection, tracking and management of suspected cases and close contacts, sampling, field disinfection, health publicity and education, laboratory testing and prevention and control measures.Results The source of infection in this incident was a cattle that died from the disease.The case developed severe cutaneous anthrax after dissecting the cattle that died from infection with Bacillus anthracis.There was one case of severe cutaneous anthrax reported, three co-exposed individuals and 25 close contacts in this incident.The case recovered and was discharged after treatment.Specimens of hide, flesh and exudative blood samples from the cattle that died from the disease tested positive for Bacillus anthracis under microscopic examination.Exudate specimens extracted from the case′s dressings and soil specimens from the grassland in Yanglai Village tested positive for the nucleic acid of Bacillus anthracis.The remaining limbs of the cattle that died from the disease were incinerated and deeply buried.Conclusion Contact with animals infected with Bacillus anthracis can develop severe cutaneous anthrax.Controlling the animal epidemic is the key to preventing and controlling anthrax in humans.A multi-departmental joint investigation should be conducted to rapidly and effectively control the epidemic of zoonosis.更多还原