【摘要】 运营期盾构隧道管片接缝橡胶防水密封垫的老化会导致应力松弛，并造成密封垫防水性能衰减。目前的橡胶老化模型无法评估防水密封垫在非均匀压缩条件下的长期应力松弛，通过理论方法建立了橡胶材料在不同温度和应变下长期应力松弛的超-黏弹性老化模型，并在有限元模型中进行了数值实现。进一步开展了密封垫老化试验和防水试验，试验结果显示，密封垫试样在接缝张开量6 mm、错台0 mm以及70℃条件下老化3 d后的防水性能相比未老化密封垫试样下降约73%。基于老化模型的数值仿真获得的结果与密封垫应力松弛试验结果和老化密封垫防水性能试验结果吻合较好，验证了超-黏弹性老化模型在盾构隧道管片接缝密封垫构件长期力学性能及防水性能评价中的适用性，数值实现后的老化模型评估结果显示密封垫在70℃、接缝张开量5 mm工况老化3 d对应25℃、接缝张开量5 mm工况服役91年。最后，通过建立的老化模型对武汉两湖隧道南湖段防水密封垫的长期防水性能进行了分析，设计密封垫在接缝张开量小于7 mm时，在25℃环境中服役100年后的防水性能可以达到0.8 MPa，满足长期防水要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aging of EPDM sealing gasket for shield tunnel segment joints during operation will lead to stress relaxation and attenuation of waterproof performance. The current rubber aging model cannot evaluate the long-term stress relaxation of waterproof gasket under non-uniform compression. In this paper, a hyper-viscoelastic aging model of long-term stress relaxation of rubber at different temperatures and strain levels is established by theoretical method, and numerical implementation is carried out in the ABAQUS. The aging test and waterproof test of sealing gasket are further carried out, showing that the waterproof performance of the waterproof gasket aging for 3 days under the condition that joint opening 6 mm, no dislocation and 70 °C is about 27% of the unaged gasket.The results obtained from numerical simulations based on the aging model align well with the stress relaxation test results of sealing gaskets and the waterproof performance test results of aged sealing gaskets, verifying the applicability of the super-viscoelastic aging model in evaluating the long-term mechanical and waterproof performance of sealing gasket components in shield tunnel segment joints. The evaluation results of the aging model after numerical implementation indicate that the sealing gasket, after being aged for 3 days under the condition of 70℃ and a joint opening of 5 mm, corresponds to a service life of 91 years under the condition of 25℃ and a joint opening of 5 mm. Finally, the long-term waterproof performance of gasket in Nanhu Tunnel is analyzed, showing that the waterproof performance can reach 0.8 MPa after 100 years of service in 25 ℃ when joint opening is smaller than 7 mm, which meets design requirement.更多还原