【摘要】 岩爆是在开挖和多源动力扰动下，深部工程岩体中聚积的弹性变形势能突然释放，导致围岩爆裂、弹射的动力灾害。面向国家交通强国建设，依托深埋隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine，简称TBM）施工铁路隧道，现场实测TBM关键部位和围岩施工振动特性。TBM振动具有明显的跃进特性，TBM护盾尾部振动效应明显，振动加速度范围在-10g～10g之间；撑靴处主要振动方向为沿隧道轴线方向，振动速度范围为1.5～2.5 cm/s，频率为25～35 Hz。随着测点与掌子面距离增加，围岩振动速度和加速度峰值整体沿隧道轴向、径向、竖向3个方向均呈衰减趋势。开展高压硬岩宽低频面扰动真三轴试验，研究TBM低频扰动对花岗岩力学特性及其扰动破坏行为的影响规律。TBM低频动力扰动真三轴试验结果表明：花岗岩动力扰动强度随振动应力幅值增大而降低。针对TBM撑靴作用部位，动力扰动强度随频率和最小主应力增加而增加；最小主应力方向低频扰动会促进拉破裂进一步发育，减低围岩承载力。更多还原

【Abstract】 A rockburst is a dynamic disaster induced by excavation and multi-source dynamic disturbances, characterized by the sudden release of accumulated elastic strain energy in deep engineering rock masses, leading to the bursting and ejection of surrounding rock. In line with the national strategy of building a strong transportation network, field measurements were conducted to capture the vibration characteristics of key tunnel boring machine(TBM) components and the surrounding rock during the construction of a deep-buried TBM-driven railway tunnel. The TBM vibration exhibits a significant surging characteristic, with particularly pronounced vibrations at the shield tail. The measured vibration acceleration ranges from-10g to 10g. At the thrust shoe, the primary vibration direction is parallel to the tunnel axis, with a vibration velocity of 1.5–2.5 cm/s and a frequency of 25–35 Hz. As the distance from the tunnel face increases, the peak particle velocity(PPV) and peak particle acceleration(PPA) of the surrounding rock exhibit a general attenuation trend in the axial, radial, and vertical directions. Accordingly, true triaxial tests on high-pressure hard rock under wide low-frequency disturbances were conducted to examine the effects of TBM low-frequency disturbance on the mechanical properties and disturbance-induced damage behavior of granite. The results demonstrate that the disturbance strength of granite decreases as the stress amplitude increases. For the area affected by the TBM thrust shoe, the disturbance strength increases with both frequency and minimum principal stress. Furthermore, low-frequency disturbance applied in the direction of the minimum principal stress promotes the development of tensile fractures, thereby reducing the bearing capacity of the rock.更多还原