【摘要】 本文通过系统梳理国内外不同类型锂矿勘查及研究资料，以锂矿类型、成矿时代、构造背景、锂元素地球化学行为及伟晶岩分带性为重点剖析了锂矿成矿规律，提出了新的找矿建议。研究表明：（1）锂矿类型不局限于卤水型与伟晶岩型，沉积型、花岗岩型、油田卤水型及热泉型等非常规类型也展现出显著潜力，其中部分铝土矿黏土岩的Li₂O含量稳定在0.1%～0.5%，具有潜在开发价值。油田卤水也是非常重要的；（2）锂的成矿时代不局限于“一老一新”而是具有多旋回性，除印支晚期-燕山早期为我国伟晶岩型锂矿主要成矿期外，还有前寒武纪和古生代锂矿，还包括晚二叠世-早三叠世的地下卤水型与白垩纪古卤水型等成矿事件；（3）成矿分布不受单一构造单元约束，西昆仑-松潘-甘孜和喜马拉雅造山带为核心成矿区，而华北、塔里木克拉通的伟晶岩型锂矿发育稀少可能跟长期“破坏”有关；（4）Li⁺的特殊地球化学性质主导其在成矿过程中的迁移与富集，在富镁环境中易被分散，在富铝氧化环境中易高度富集，且卤水型锂矿的形成常与火山-热液活动密切相关；（5）伟晶岩分带性在单脉与矿田两个尺度均有体现，矿田尺度上呈现围绕母岩体的立体分带，单脉内部则可能形成矿物-元素的垂直或水平分带。基于上述规律认为：（1）角岩化带及红柱石、堇青石发育层系可作为伟晶岩型锂矿找矿标志，矽卡岩因镁分散作用不利成矿；（2）重视区分岩浆成因“碱长花岗岩型”与热液成因“斑岩型”稀有金属矿床；（3）大型-超大型锂矿的围岩可以是基性岩，碱性基性岩中的锂可能超常富集，这对于找矿具有重要的指示意义。另外，基于热泉中锂的富集现象，有关玄武岩与锂的关系值得进一步研究。综上所述，锂矿找矿需突破传统类型、时代和构造的约束，结合地球化学循环与多技术方法，拓展“新层系、新类型”，为建立“矿物标志+容矿围岩+成矿母岩+技术预测”的找矿模式提供了坚实支撑，这对我国锂资源勘查布局与资源安全保障具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 To deepen the metallogeny of the lithium deposits,transcend conventional prospecting paradigms,and support its exploration,this study systematically reviewed domestic and international exploration and research data on different types of lithium deposits.It conducted in-depth analysis and summarized the metallogenic regularities of lithium deposits from five aspects,namely lithium deposit types,metallogenic epochs,tectonic settings,geochemical behavior of lithium,and zonation of pegmatites,and further proposed new insights（directions） for lithium prospecting,from which the following results can be obtained.Firstly,the types of lithium deposits have transcended the traditional framework of brine-type and pegmatite-type.Unconventional types such as sedimentary-type,granite-type,oilfield brine-type,and hot spring-type have demonstrated significant potential.Among these,the Li₂O content in some bauxite elaystones stably ranges from 0.1% to 0.5%,indicating significant economic potential.Secondly,the metallogenic epochs of lithium have broken the limitation of "one old and one new"（a traditional perception of limited epochs） and show polycyclic characteristics.In addition to the Late Indosinian-Early Yanshanian periods,which is the main metallogenic epoch for pegmatite-type lithium deposits in China,lithium mineralization also occurred in the Precambrian and Paleozoic.It also includes metallogenic events such as the Late Permian-Early Triassic（for underground brine-type lithium deposits） and Cretaceous（for paleobrine-type lithium deposits） ones.Thirdly,the distribution of lithium mineralization is not restricted to a single tectonic unit.The West Kunlun-Songpan-Ganzi and Himalayan orogenic belts are core metallogenic belts.However,the sparse development of pegmatite-type lithium deposits in the North China and Tarim Platform areas may be related to long-term "destruction"（geological processes like erosion or tectonic disruption）.Fourthly,the unique geochemical properties of Li+dominate its migration and enrichment during the mineralization process.Li⁺ tends to disperse in Mg-rich environments,while it is prone to high enrichment in aluminum-rich oxidizing environments.Moreover,the formation of brine-type lithium deposits is often closely associated with volcanic-hydrothermal activities.Fifthly,the zonation of pegmatites is manifested at two scales:single dike and ore field.At the ore field scale,horizontal zonation appears around the parent rock mass;within a single dike,vertical or horizontal zonation combinations of minerals and elements may form.Based on the above-mentioned regularities,the following prospecting insights（directions） are put forward:（1） The hornfelsed zones and strata with developed andalusite and cordierite can serve as prospecting indicators for pegmatite-type lithium deposits,while skarns are unfavorable for mineralization due to the magnesium-induced dispersion effect.（2） More attention should be paid on distinguishing magmatic-origin "alkali-feldspar granite-type" rare metal deposits from hydrothermal-origin "porphyry-type" ones.（3）The wall rocks of large to super-large lithium deposits are generally basic rocks,and lithium in alkaline basic rocks may be abnormally enriched,i.e.,this has important implications for prospecting.Furthermore,based on the phenomenon of lithium enrichment in hot springs,the relationship between basalt and lithium deserves further research.In conclusion,lithium prospecting needs to break through the constraints of traditional deposit types,epochs,and tectonics.We should combine geochemical cycles with integrated technical methods to expand exploration into "new strata and new types".This study not only expands the theoretical system of lithium deposit types and their spatio-temporal distribution but also provides solid support for establishing a prospecting model of "mineral indicators+ore-hosting wall rocks+metallogenic parent rocks+technical prediction".It is of significant guiding importance for the layout of lithium resource exploration and resource security assurance in China.更多还原