【摘要】 江西省地处华南板块腹地，横跨扬子地块、江南造山带与华夏地块，涵盖长江中下游、江南、钦杭、武夷山、南岭等五大成矿带，是中国重要的矿产资源大省。本文通过系统研究区域地质演化、地球物理场异常、构造变形、成矿岩体地球化学组成与成矿时空分布，查明区域成矿机理与主控要素，并提出预测标志。研究区经历了元古代多地体拼贴、元古代富W碎屑岩与寒武纪富U-V黑色页岩沉积，并复合了加里东、印支与燕山多期造山-岩浆演化；中生代大规模壳幔作用引发区域岩浆与成矿作用大爆发。江西省形成六大矿床系列，包括（热液）沉积型V-Mn、花岗岩相关的W-Li-Nb-Ta多金属、花岗斑岩-火山岩相关的Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn、剪切带控制的造山型Au、热液活化有关U以及风化壳淋积型稀土矿床。复合造山控制了多期成矿作用，元古代形成沉积矿床与富金属基底，基底在中生代经过熔融形成中酸性岩有关Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn、W-Sn-Li-Nb-Ta等矿床，晚白垩世之后的地壳伸展与抬升、盆地流体循环与表生风化形成了热液活化型U矿与风化壳淋积型稀土矿床。多期造山作用引发地壳的多期熔融，促使金属元素从中逐步析出与富集，从而增强了晚期岩浆的成矿潜力。复合构造控制矿体就位，差异抬升导致不同形成深度的矿床在近地表共存。中生代约175～160Ma德兴Cu-Au与冷水坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿床、约160～150Ma赣南W-Sn-Nb-Ta矿床和约150～140Ma江南造山带W-Li-Nb-Ta矿床三期大规模成矿作用发生于板块旋转与区域构造活化期，挤压-伸展转换作用的时空迁移控制了成矿作用具有顺时针演化趋势。中生代与花岗斑岩-火山岩有关的Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn矿床，成矿岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩、闪长斑岩等，准铝质-弱过铝质，壳幔混源(ε_Hf（t）变化大)，与新生地壳活化相关；与花岗岩有关的W-Sn矿床成矿岩体岩性为黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩等，过铝质-强过铝质，壳源属性明显(ε_Hf（t）低)，源于经历多期熔融的改造地壳；Nb-Ta-Li矿床成矿岩体高分异更加明显，岩性为强钠长石化的白云母花岗岩，为强过铝质。研究提出成矿中酸性侵入岩的形成存在深部晶粥活化、浅部结晶分异与顶部脉冲出溶的三阶段演化。研究揭示早期多地体拼合与地壳多组分结构、燕山期壳幔作用与多期挤压-伸展转换、新生与改造地壳源区差异与花岗岩成矿专属性、复合造山地壳物质多期抽离、构造复合控制熔流体汇聚、岩浆-热液体系W-Li-Nb-Ta分阶段富集、后期差异性抬升与深-中-浅成矿床浅表共存综合控制了江西全球巨型多金属资源基地的形成。成矿预测应该综合岩浆成矿专属性、岩相金属富集多阶段性、多尺度构造复合与转换部位、蚀变组合与云母等标志性矿物等信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jiangxi Province,situated in the hinterland of the South China Block,spans the Yangtze Block,the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,and the Cathaysia Block.It encompasses five major metallogenic belts:the Middle-Lower Yangtze River,Jiangnan,Qin-Hang,Wuyishan,and Nanling regions,establishing it as a significant province of mineral resources in China.Through systematic investigation of the regional geological evolution,geophysical field anomalies,structural deformation,geochemical compositions of ore-forming rock bodies,and the spatio-temporal distribution of mineralization,this study elucidates the regional metallogenic mechanisms and key controlling factors,and proposes criteria for mineral prediction.The study area experienced Proterozoic amalgamation of multiple terranes,the deposition of Proterozoic W-rich clastic rocks and Cambrian U-V-rich black shales,overprinted by the Caledonian,Indosinian,and Yanshanian multistage orogenic-magmatic evolution.Mesozoic large-scale crust-mantle interaction triggered a major mineralization event in the region.Six major deposit series are identified in Jiangxi,including:（hydrothermal-） sedimentary V-Mn deposits,granite-related W-Li-Nb-Ta polymetallic deposits,granite porphyry-volcanic rock-related Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposits,shear zone-controlled orogenic Au deposits,hydrothermal remobilization-related U deposits,and weathering crust-hosted ion-adsorption REE deposits.Composite orogenesis controlled the multi-stage mineralization:Sedimentary deposits and metal-enriched basements formed during Proterozoic;Mesozoic melting of this basement generated intermediate-acid rocks associated with Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn and W-Sn-LiNb-Ta deposits;post-Late Cretaceous crustal extension and uplift,basin fluid circulation,and supergene weathering formed hydrothermal remobilization-type U deposits and weathering crust-hosted ion-adsorption REE deposits.Multi-stage orogenesis induced repeated crustal melting,facilitating the progressive extraction and enrichment of metals,thereby enhancing the metallogenic potential of later magmas.Composite structures controlled ore body emplacement,and differential uplift led to the juxtaposition of deposits formed at different crustal levels near the surface.Three main phases of large-scale Mesozoic mineralization occurred during a period of plate rotation and regional tectonic activation:the ca.175～160Ma Dexing Cu-Au and Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn deposits,the ca.160～150Ma southern Jiangxi W-Sn-Nb-Ta deposits,and the ca.150～140Ma Jiangnan Orogenic Belt W-Li-Nb-Ta deposits.The spatiotemporal migration of the compressional-extensional transition controlled the clockwise evolutionary trend of these mineralization events.The Mesozoic Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposits are associated with granitic porphyries and volcanic rocks,with lithologies including granodiorite and diorite porphyry,which are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous,with a mixed crust-mantle source(highly variableε_Hf（t）),linked to the activation of juvenile crust The granite-related W-Sn deposits are associated with biotite granite and two-mica granite,which are peraluminous to strongly peraluminous,exhibiting a clear crustal source affinity(low ε_Hf（t）) derived from reworked crust subjected to multiple melting events.The magmatic rocks at the Nb-Ta-Li deposits show even more pronounced high differentiation,with lithologies consisting of strongly albitized muscovite granite,which is strongly peraluminous.The study proposes a three-stage evolution for the fertile intermediate-acid intrusions:deep crystal mush reactivation,shallow crustal differentiation,and toppulse melt extraction.This research reveals that the formation of Jiangxi’s globally significant giant polymetallic mineral resource base was comprehensively controlled by several factors:early multi-terrane amalgamation and crustal multicomponent architecture;Yanshanian crust-mantle interaction and multiple compressional-extensional transitions;the differential sources of juvenile versus reworked crust and resulting granite metallogenic specialization;multi-stage extraction of crustal materials during composite orogenesis;tectonic complexity controlling melt-fluid focusing;the staged enrichment of W-Li-Nb-Ta in magmatic-hydrothermal systems;and latestage differential uplift leading to the near-surface coexistence of deep,mid,and shallow-level deposits.Metallogenic prediction should integrate information on magmatic metallogenic specialization,multi-stage metal enrichment in lithofacies,multi-scale structural complexes and transition zones,alteration assemblages,and indicator minerals such as mica.更多还原