【摘要】 依托吉林省公主岭市黑土区玉米秸秆还田定位试验，2018-2020年连续监测3种还田方式下土壤温度、水分的动态变化及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明，玉米播种期和苗期覆盖还田土壤温度低于秸秆离田处理，秸秆覆盖还田土壤温度对气温敏感程度最低；秸秆深翻还田0～10 cm土层≥10℃土壤积温和≥10℃土壤有效积温较秸秆覆盖还田分别增加5.1%和8.5%。与秸秆离田相比，秸秆深翻还田显著提高收获穗数及其对玉米产量的贡献，玉米产量增加5.6%。综上，黑土区连续多年玉米秸秆还田后，秸秆覆盖还田在玉米生育期表现出对土壤温度的平抑作用。玉米秸秆深翻还田更有利于土壤积温的积累，并通过提高收获穗数获得更高的玉米产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 A long-term positioning field experiment of maize straw returning was conducted in the black soil region of Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. The dynamic changes in soil temperature and moisture and their effects on maize yield were continuously monitored from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the soil temperature under straw cover returning was lower than that under straw removal during sowing and seedling stages. The soil temperature under straw cover returning was the least sensitive to air temperature. In the 0～10 cm soil layer, straw plough returning increased the ≥10 ℃ soil accumulated temperature and ≥10 ℃ effective accumulated soil temperature by5.1% and 8.5%, respectively. Compared with straw removal, straw plough returning significantly increased the number of harvested ears and its contribution to maize yield, resulting in a 5.6% increase in maize yield. In summary,continuous long-term maize straw cover returning in the black soil region exhibited a stabilizing effect on soil temperature during the growth period of maize. Straw plough returning is more conducive to the accumulation of soil accumulated temperature, and higher maize yield can be obtained by increasing the number of harvested ears.更多还原