【摘要】 角膜、巩膜和视神经乳头(optic nerve head, ONH)是维持眼部结构与视觉功能的关键组织。近年来，青光眼、圆锥角膜和高度近视均被证实与这些组织的生物力学变化密切相关。本文综述了在体眼生物力学材料属性的主要测量方法。外部主动加载的直接测量方法已形成成熟指标体系，但结果常受眼压和角膜厚度影响。无外部加载的直接测量方法在舒适度和安全性上具有优势，但受限于信号衰减与噪声干扰。患者特异性间接反演方法可实现个体化、非线性、各向异性材料属性识别，尤其在巩膜与ONH评估中彰显价值，但因模型复杂度较高、计算耗时较长，其临床应用受到限制。总体而言，在体测量正依托成像技术进步、计算能力提升，以及人工智能与多模态方法的协同发展不断推进，其临床价值有望进一步凸显。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cornea, sclera, and optic nerve head(ONH) are critical tissues for maintaining ocular structural integrity and visual function. In recent years, glaucoma, keratoconus, and high myopia have been confirmed to be closely associated with biomechanical alterations in these tissues. This review summarizes the main approaches for in vivo measurement of ocular biomechanical material properties. Externally induced direct measurement methods have established relatively mature index systems, but their results are often affected by intraocular pressure and corneal thickness. Non-loading direct measurement methods offer advantages in patient comfort and safety, yet remain limited by signal attenuation and noise. Patient-specific indirect inversion methods enable individualized, nonlinear, and anisotropic material property identification, showing particular values in the evaluation of the sclera and ONH, though their high model complexity and computational demands restrict clinical feasibility. Overall, in vivo measurement is advancing with improvements in imaging technologies, computational power, and the synergistic development of artificial intelligence and multimodal approaches, and its clinical values are expected to become increasingly prominent.更多还原