【摘要】 基于汉麻纤维的形态结构与化学组成，系统归纳了化学脱胶、生物脱胶、物理脱胶及协同脱胶的作用机理与工艺特点。综合现有研究，采用选择性氧化体系、绿色溶剂及超声/微波等物理场强化的联合工艺，可在提升胶质去除与解束效果的同时，有效降低对环境的影响。未来，汉麻脱胶技术应朝着低能耗、高效率与可循环利用的方向发展，结合生物酶处理，并尽量减少对高强度化学试剂的依赖。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the morphological structure and chemical composition of hemp fiber, the mechanism and process characteristics of chemical degumming, biological degumming, physical degumming and synergistic degumming are systematically summarized. According to existing studies, the combined processes incorporat--ing selective oxidation systems, green solvents and physical field intensification(such as ultrasound and micro--wave) can effectively reduce the impact on the environment while improve gum removal and fiber separation.In the future, hemp degumming technologies should develop towards low energy consumption, high efficiency and recyclability combined with biological enzyme treatment, and minimize the dependence on high-intensity chemical reagents.更多还原