【摘要】 目的 探究地椒提取物（百里香酚、香芹酚、挥发油、提取液、β-反式石竹烯和4-异丙基甲苯）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的系统性急性炎症损伤的保护作用。方法 将45只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组（大豆油）、阳性对照组（白藜芦醇）以及6个地椒提取物干预组。灌胃给药（50 mg/kg）7 d后，腹腔注射LPS（5mg/kg）建立系统性炎症模型。24 h后进行热痛和悬尾实验。采用ELISA检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）水平；RT-q PCR检测胸腺、脾脏及大脑皮质中炎症因子m RNA表达；生化法检测丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide,H₂O₂）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性；Western blot检测大脑皮质中核因子κB（nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB）及其磷酸化蛋白（p-NF-κB）表达。结果 与模型组比较，地椒提取液和β-反式石竹烯显著抑制胸腺中促炎因子TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6 mRNA表达（P<0.05, P<0.01）;4-异丙基甲苯和挥发油显著下调脾脏中TNF-α mRNA表达（P<0.05）；百里香酚与香芹酚在外周及中枢均表现出广谱抗炎活性，显著降低血清中TNF-α和IL-1β含量（P<0.05），并下调大脑皮质中p-NF-κB/NF-κB比值（P<0.05）。行为学上，百里香酚与香芹酚显著缩短悬尾静止时间（P<0.05），延长热痛反应潜伏期（P<0.05），其效果与阳性药白藜芦醇相当。抗氧化方面，地椒提取物能够协同提升SOD和GSH-Px活性，降低MDA和H₂O₂含量，其中香芹酚的抗氧化效果最为显著。结论 地椒通过多种活性物质协同发挥抗炎、抗氧化以及神经保护作用，其独特成分组合（如百里香酚、香芹酚、挥发油）的协同效应可能是其区别于其他Thymus属植物的优势所在，为开发针对系统性炎症及其神经并发症的天然药物或功能性食品提供了实验依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the protective effects of extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak（thymol, carvacrol, volatile oil, crude extract, β-caryophyllene, and 4-isopropyltoluene） against lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced systemic acute inflammatory injury.Methods Forty-five male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model control group（soybean oil）, a positive control group（resveratrol）, and six Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract intervention groups. After 7 days of intragastric administration（50 mg/kg）, a systemic inflammation model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS（5 mg/kg）. Thermal pain and tail suspension tests were performed 24 hours later. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） were measured by ELISA; mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the thymus, spleen, and cerebral cortex was detected by RT-qPCR; malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂） content, as well as superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） activities, were determined by biochemical assays; and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB） and its phosphorylated protein（pNF-κB） in the cerebral cortex was evaluated by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group, the crude extract and β-caryophyllene significantly inhibited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 in the thymus（P<0. 05, P<0. 01）; 4-isopropyltoluene and volatile oil significantly down-regulated TNF-α mRNA expression in the spleen（P<0. 05）; thymol and carvacrol exhibited broad-spectrum antiinflammatory activity both peripherally and centrally, significantly reducing serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β（P<0. 05） and down-regulating the p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio in the cerebral cortex（P<0. 05）. Behaviorally, thymol and carvacrol significantly shortened the immobility time in the tail suspension test（P<0. 05） and prolonged the latency of the thermal pain response（P<0. 05）, with effects comparable to those of the positive drug resveratrol. In terms of antioxidant effects, the Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extracts synergistically increased SOD and GSH-Px activities and reduced MDA and H₂O₂ levels, with carvacrol showing the most pronounced antioxidant effect.Conclusion Thymus quinquecostatus Celak exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects through the synergistic actions of multiple active substances. The unique combination of its components（such as thymol, carvacrol, and volatile oil） and their synergistic effects may represent an advantage over other Thymus species, providing an experimental basis for the development of natural medicines or functional foods targeting systemic inflammation and its neurological complications.更多还原