【摘要】 目的 分析广东省核电站所在地核辐射卫生应急能力现状，并制定地市级核辐射卫生应急队伍建设方案。方法 以广东省核电站所在地的省、市和县三级行政区为研究对象，采用中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所设计的系列调查表进行核辐射卫生应急能力调查，制定地市级核辐射卫生应急队伍建设方案。结果 广东省核电站所在地涉及1个省级、6个地市级和6个县级共13个行政区；其31项核辐射卫生应急能力的具备率为15%～100%，平均具备率为51%。其中，省级核辐射卫生应急能力较为完善；县级辐射监测与防护能力近乎空白；地市级具备基础能力，但地区间差异显著，且普遍缺乏核辐射损伤救治所需的专用设施与物资，是提升全省核辐射卫生应急能力的重点环节。《地市级核辐射卫生应急队伍建设方案》中，明确应急队伍总人数不少于30人，应确保快速响应和第一时间到达现场；《关键专业装备清单》提出重点配置5个单元装备：个人基本装备、污染检测与分类装备、去污洗消装备、医疗救治装备、指挥与后勤保障装备。结论 广东省核辐射卫生应急能力仍有待提升，重点在于规范地市级核辐射卫生应急队伍建设。本研究编制的《地市级核辐射卫生应急队伍建设方案》，提出了队伍的能力要求与专业装备配备清单，可为各地市提供建设参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the current status of nuclear radiation health emergency response capacity in areas of the nuclear power plants in Guangdong Province, and to formulate a construction plan for municipal-level nuclear radiation health emergency response teams. Methods Provincial-, municipal-, and county-level administrative regions in the nuclear power plant host areas of Guangdong Province were selected as the study subjects. A series of questionnaires designed by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, were used to assess the capacity of nuclear radiation health emergency response. Based on the findings, a construction plan for municipal-level nuclear radiation health emergency response teams was formulated. Results A total of 13 administrative regions which host nuclear power plants were involved, including one provincial-level, six municipal-level, and six county-level regions. The availability rates of 31 capacity indicators of nuclear radiation health emergency response among 13 administrative regions ranged from 15% to 100%, with an average of 51%. Provincial-level capacity of nuclear radiation health emergency response was relatively well established, county-level radiation monitoring and protection capacity was nearly absent, municipal-level regions possessed basic capacity, but with obvious regional disparities and a general lack of specialized facilities and materials required for the treatment of nuclear radiation injuries, making them the key level for improvement in nuclear radiation health emergency response. The Construction Plan for Municipal-Level Nuclear Radiation Health Emergency Response Teams specifies that the total number of team members should be no fewer than 30 to ensure rapid response and immediate arrival at the scene. The List of Key Professional Equipment proposes the prioritized allocation of five categories of equipment: personal basic equipment, contamination detection and classification equipment, decontamination equipment, medical treatment equipment, and command and logistical support equipment. Conclusion Nuclear radiation health emergency response capacity in Guangdong Province requires further improvement, particularly in standardized development of municipal-level nuclear radiation health emergency response teams. The Construction Plan for Municipal-Level Nuclear Radiation Health Emergency Response Teams defines capacity requirements and provides a list of essential equipment, offering a practical reference for other regions.更多还原