【摘要】 目的 系统综述近年来中药及其活性成分通过缓解氧化应激发挥缺血性脑损伤保护作用的研究进展，归纳其作用机制与潜在靶点，为中药在脑卒中治疗中的应用提供理论依据。方法 通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)等数据库，筛选近10年来关于中药、活性成分与缺血性脑损伤氧化应激相关机制的综述与原始研究，重点关注中药单体、提取物及经典方剂在体内外模型中的相关研究。结果 多种中药活性成分(如丹参酮ⅡA、人参皂苷Rg1、黄芪甲苷等)在脑缺血模型中被证实可通过清除活性氧、提高抗氧化酶(如超氧化歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶)活性、抑制脂质过氧化等途径缓解氧化应激损伤。此外，这些成分还可通过调控核因子红细胞2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等信号通路，减轻线粒体功能障碍、抑制细胞凋亡、促进神经功能恢复，部分中药复方(如补阳还五汤)也显示出综合抗氧化与神经保护效应。结论 中药及其活性成分在缓解氧化应激、保护缺血性脑损伤方面具有显著潜力，其多靶点调控机制为脑卒中的治疗提供了新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To systematically review the research progress on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and its active components protecting against ischemic brain injury by relieving oxidative stress in recent years, summarize their action mechanisms and potential targets, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of TCM in stroke treatment.Methods By searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),we screened reviews and original studies on TCM,active components and oxidative stress-related mechanisms of ischemic brain injury in the past 10 years, focusing on relevant studies on TCM monomers, extracts and classic formulas in in-vivo and in-vitro models.Results A variety of TCM active components(such as tanshinone ⅡA,ginsenoside Rg1,astragaloside Ⅳ,etc.) have been proven to relieve oxidative stress injury by scavenging reactive oxygen species, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes(such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase),inhibiting lipid peroxidation and other pathways in cerebral ischemia models.In addition, these components can also regulate signaling pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase, alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit apoptosis and promote neurological function recovery.Some TCM compound prescriptions(such as Buyang Huanwu Tang) also show comprehensive antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.Conclusion TCM and its active components have significant potential in relieving oxidative stress and protecting against ischemic brain injury, and their multi-target regulation mechanism provides new ideas for stroke treatment.更多还原