【摘要】 碳是元素周期表中最多样化的元素之一，具有极轻的原子质量，可以形成极强的共价键，并能以多种杂化方式成键形成结构丰富的碳网络。由碳元素组成的炭材料展现出优异的力、热、光、电等属性，在传感器、导电、导热、超轻力学等领域具有非凡的应用前景。本文系统梳理纳米炭材料的结构、制备策略及器件性能优化进展，主要讨论了不同维度的纳米炭材料的关键合成方法与最新进展，并基于纳米炭材料的发展现状与挑战进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon is one of the most versatile elements in the periodic table having an extremely light atomic mass, an ability to form exceptionally strong covalent bonds, and to bond through multiple hybridization modes to create complex carbon networks. Carbon materials have outstanding mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties, with potential use in fields such as sensors and ultralight mechanics, and applications requiring good electrical and thermal conductivities. The structural characteristics and preparation strategies for nanocarbon materials are reviewed, and their suitability for different applications is discussed.更多还原