【摘要】 平等是理解马克思思想，特别是其政治思想和唯物史观的重要范畴。在马克思的思想图景中，有法权式平等与非法权式平等。前者曾为马克思所追求和信奉，但伴随他思想的转变，它成为马克思反思、剖析和拒斥的对象。在马克思的剖析和批判之下，法权式平等被揭示为并不具有独立的、永恒的价值，而是受制于物质生产和历史文化，是资本主义商品经济的法权表现。正是这种资本经济关系的特性使该平等终归是基于资本的平等，而无法实现人的真正平等。唯有非法权式平等才能实现人的真正平等，而共产主义高级阶段“各尽所能，各得所需”的分配原则就隐性地表达了这一思想，它实现了人的个体原则与平等原则的统一。不过，非法权式平等的实现需以生产力的高度发达、阶级消亡等为前提，并非当下可达成的目标。为此，当下有必要充分发挥好法权式平等的作用，进而向非法权式平等迈进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Equality is a crucial category for understanding Marx’s thought, particularly his political ideas and historical materialism. Within Marx’s intellectual framework, there exist both juridical equality and non-juridical equality. The former was once pursued and upheld by Marx, but as his thinking evolved, it became the object of his reflection, dissection and rejection. Through Marx’s in-depth analysis and critique, juridical equality is revealed to have no independent and eternal value. Instead, it is constrained by material production and historical culture, and serves as the legal expression of the capitalist commodity economy. It is precisely the inherent nature of capitalist economic relations that makes this form of equality ultimately capital-based, rendering genuine human equality unachievable. Only non-juridical equality can realize true equality for human beings. The principle of “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs” in the higher phase of communism implicitly conveys this ideological connotation, which realizes the unity of the principle of individual humanity and the principle of equality. Nevertheless, the realization of non-juridical equality is predicated on essential prerequisites including highly developed productive forces and the extinction of classes, making it an unattainable goal at the present stage. Accordingly, it is necessary to give full play to the role of juridical equality in contemporary society, so as to steadily advance toward the realization of non-juridical equality.更多还原