【摘要】 为探究不同施肥模式对蔬菜生长生理特性的影响，以瓢菜（Brassica chinensis L.）和黄白菜（Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel）为试验材料，设置有机肥和复合肥7种不同配比组合，测定幼苗期、生长期和成熟期3个生育期的光合参数及反射光谱参数，分析不同施肥处理下蔬菜的光合特性、光合-光响应及光谱特征。结果表明：（1）不同施肥处理条件下不同生育期瓢菜和黄白菜光谱反射率具有差异。两种蔬菜的光谱反射率在成熟期均高于幼苗期和生长期，其中瓢菜反射率以C3和C7处理较低、 C5处理较高，黄白菜反射率以C7处理较低、 C3处理较高。（2）不同施肥模式下，瓢菜和黄白菜的光合性能差异明显。随着生育期的发展，瓢菜净光合速率（Pn）逐渐升高，黄白菜Pn则呈现先升后降的趋势；蒸腾速率（Tr）峰值分别出现在瓢菜生长期C5处理与黄白菜生长期C4处理；光合-光响应曲线表明，有效光合辐射低于200μmol/（m²·s）时，两种蔬菜Pn增长较快。（3）光谱特征参数与光合性能的相关性因处理而异，瓢菜C7处理的氮素反射率指数（NRI）与胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）呈显著正相关，黄白菜C3处理的NRI与Ci呈显著正相关，C5处理的归一化植被指数（NDVI）与气孔导度（Gs）呈显著负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the growth and physiological characteristics of vegetables, seven different combinations of organic and compound fertilizers were applied to Brassica chinensis L. and Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel as experimental materials. Photosynthetic parameters and reflectance spectrum data were measured at the seedling, growth, and maturity stages. Subsequently, the photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic-light response, and spectral properties of the vegetables under different fertilization treatments were analyzed. The results indicated that:（1） Different fertilization treatments produced varying spectral reflectance at different growth stages. The spectral reflectance of both vegetables was higher at maturity than at the seedling and growth stages. For Brassica chinensis L., reflectance was lower at treatments C3 and C7 and higher at C5, whereas for Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel, reflectance was lower at C7 and higher at C3.（2） Under different fertilization regimes, the photosynthetic performance of Brassica chinensis L. and Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel differed significantly. As the growth period progressed, the net photosynthetic rate（Pn） of Brassica chinensis L. increased gradually, while that of Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel initially increased and then decreased. The peak transpiration rate（Tr） occurred at the C5 treatment for Brassica chinensis L. and at the C4 treatment for Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel. The photosynthesis-light response curve indicated that Pn increased more rapidly at lower levels of effective photosynthetically active radiation, PAR <200 μmol/（m²·s）.（3） The correlation between spectral characteristic parameters and photosynthetic performance varied depending on the treatments. The nitrogen reflectance index（NRI） of the C7 treatment in Brassica chinensis L. was significantly positively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between NRI and Ci was observed in the C3 treatment of Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel, while a significant negative correlation was found between the normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） and stomatal conductance（Gs） in the C5 treatment.更多还原